Fate of saline ions in a planted landfill site with leachate recirculation.

Recirculation of leachate on a covered landfill site planted with willows or other highly evapotranspirative woody plants is an inexpensive option for leachate management. In our study, a closed landfill leachate recirculation system was established on a rehabilitated municipal solid waste landfill site with planted landfill cover. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the sustainability of the system with regard to high hydraulic loads of the landfill leachate on the landfill cover and high concentrations of saline ions, especially potassium (K(+)), sodium (Na(+)) and chloride (Cl(-)), in leachate. The results of intensive monitoring, implemented during May 2004 and September 2007, including leachate, soil and plant samples, showed a high sustainability of the system regarding saline ions with the precipitation regime of the studied region. Saline ion concentrations in leachates varied between 132 and 2592mg Cl(-) L(-1), 69 and 1310mg Na(+) L(-1) and between 66 and 2156mg K(+) L(-1), with mean values of 1010, 632 and 686mg L(-1), respectively. Soil salinity, measured as soil electrical conductivity (EC), remained between 0.17 and 0.38mS cm(-1) at a depth between 0 and 90cm. An average annual precipitation of 1000mm provided sufficient leaching of saline ions, loaded by irrigation with landfill leachate, from the soil of the landfill cover and thus prevented possible salinity shocks to the planted willows.