Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 Jan 1;181(1):47-53. doi: 10.1164/rccm.200901-0160OC. Epub 2009 Oct 1.
Little is known about the long-term effects of air pollution on pneumonia hospitalization in the elderly.
To assess the effect of long-term exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and fine particulate matter with diameter equal to or smaller than 2.5 microm (PM(2.5)) on hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia in older adults.
We used a population-based case-control study in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. We enrolled 345 hospitalized patients aged 65 years or more for community-acquired pneumonia and 494 control participants, aged 65 years and more, randomly selected from the same community as cases from July 2003 to April 2005. Health data were collected by personal interview. Annual average levels of nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and PM(2.5) before the study period were estimated at the residential addresses of participants by inverse distance weighting, bicubic splined and land use regression methods and merged with participants' health data.
Long-term exposure to higher levels of nitrogen dioxide and PM(2.5) was significantly associated with hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia (odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25 to 4.21; P = 0.007 and OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.20 to 4.24; P = 0.012, respectively, over the 5th-95th percentile range increase of exposure). Sulfur dioxide did not appear to have any association (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.61; P = 0.918). Results were somewhat sensitive to the choice of methods used to estimate air pollutant levels at residential addresses, although all risks from nitrogen dioxide and PM(2.5) exposure were positive and generally significant.
In older adults, exposure to ambient nitrogen dioxide and PM(2.5) was associated with hospitalization for community-acquired pneumonia.
人们对长期暴露于环境空气中的二氧化氮、二氧化硫和直径等于或小于 2.5 微米的细颗粒物（PM（2.5））对老年人肺炎住院的长期影响知之甚少。
评估长期暴露于环境二氧化氮、二氧化硫和细颗粒物（PM（2.5））对老年人社区获得性肺炎住院的影响。
我们在加拿大安大略省汉密尔顿进行了一项基于人群的病例对照研究。我们招募了 2003 年 7 月至 2005 年 4 月期间年龄在 65 岁及以上的 345 名因社区获得性肺炎住院的患者和 494 名年龄在 65 岁及以上的对照组患者，这些患者是从与病例相同的社区中随机选择的。健康数据通过个人访谈收集。在研究期间之前，使用反距离加权、双三次样条和土地利用回归方法在参与者的居住地址估算每年平均水平的二氧化氮、二氧化硫和 PM（2.5），并将其与参与者的健康数据合并。
较高水平的长期暴露于二氧化氮和 PM（2.5）与社区获得性肺炎住院显著相关（比值比 [OR]，2.30；95%置信区间 [CI]，1.25 至 4.21；P = 0.007 和 OR，2.26；95% CI，1.20 至 4.24；P = 0.012，分别为暴露于第 5 至 95 百分位范围的升高）。二氧化硫似乎没有任何关联（OR，0.97；95% CI，0.59 至 1.61；P = 0.918）。尽管二氧化氮和 PM（2.5）暴露的所有风险均为阳性且通常具有统计学意义，但结果对用于估算居住地址处空气污染物水平的方法的选择有些敏感。
在老年人中，环境空气中的二氧化氮和 PM（2.5）暴露与社区获得性肺炎住院有关。
