MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009 Oct 2;58(38):1063-6.
Infants and children aged <2 years often require medical care for influenza and have higher rates of influenza-related hospitalization than any other age group except persons aged >or=65 years. Since 2004, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommended seasonal influenza vaccination for all children aged 6-23 months. Full vaccination for these children requires receipt of 2 doses in the current influenza season if they have not been vaccinated previously or received a single dose during the preceding season. To assess influenza vaccination coverage among children aged 6-23 months during September-December of the 2007-08 influenza season, CDC analyzed data from the 2008 National Immunization Survey (NIS). The results of those analyses indicated that, during the 4 months, 40.7% of children aged 6-23 months received >or=1 doses of influenza vaccine, and 23.4% were fully vaccinated. Substantial variability was observed among the 50 states and participating local areas; the percentage of children with full vaccination ranged from 6.4% to 40.9% among states and local areas. Nationally, the percentage of children aged 6-23 months receiving >or=1 doses of influenza vaccine increased from 31.8% in 2006-07 to 40.7% in 2007-08, and the percentage with full vaccination increased from 21.3% to 23.4%; however, influenza vaccination coverage among children remains low. Further study is needed to identify barriers to influenza vaccination and to implement strategies that can increase vaccination coverage with emphasis on attaining full vaccination in this population at greater risk for complications from influenza.
2岁以下的婴幼儿因流感常常需要医疗护理，且除65岁及以上人群外，他们与流感相关的住院率高于其他任何年龄组。自2004年以来，免疫实践咨询委员会（ACIP）建议为所有6至23个月大的儿童接种季节性流感疫苗。对于这些儿童，如果他们之前未接种过疫苗或在上一季节仅接种过一剂，则在当前流感季节需要接种2剂才能完成全程接种。为评估2007 - 2008流感季节9月至12月期间6至23个月大儿童的流感疫苗接种覆盖率，美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）分析了2008年全国免疫调查（NIS）的数据。分析结果表明，在这4个月期间，40.7%的6至23个月大儿童接种了≥1剂流感疫苗，23.4%的儿童完成了全程接种。在50个州和参与调查的地方区域中观察到了很大的差异；各州和地方区域中完成全程接种的儿童比例从6.4%到40.9%不等。在全国范围内，6至23个月大儿童接种≥1剂流感疫苗的比例从2006 - 2007年的31.8%增至2007 - 2008年的40.7%，完成全程接种的比例从21.3%增至23.4%；然而，儿童的流感疫苗接种覆盖率仍然较低。需要进一步研究以确定流感疫苗接种的障碍，并实施能够提高接种覆盖率的策略，重点是使这一流感并发症风险较高的人群实现全程接种。
