Gromb S, Dupon M
Service de médecine légale, hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, place Amélie-Raba-Léon, 33076 Bordeaux cedex, France.
Med Mal Infect. 2009 Nov;39(11):809-14. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2009.09.002. Epub 2009 Oct 12.
The compensation of the inoculation accidents evolved after the law of August 9th, 2004 which stated the conditions of a complete repair of the attributable damages in a compulsory inoculation in conformance with the National Solidarity. The Office National d'Indemnisation des Accidents Médicaux, des Affections Iatrogènes et des Infections Nosocomiales (ONIAM) ensures this repair. For the not compulsory inoculations, the medical responsibility can be called only in conformance with a fault committed by the doctor. In spite of the absence of link scientifically established as in the inoculation of the hepatitis B and the induction of a multiple sclerosis at the end of 2008, the jurisprudence in vaccinal accidents varies according to the civil, social, administrative jurisdictions. The appreciation of the link of causality between the inoculation and its consequences is more rigorous in front of the civil jurisdictions than in front of the administrative or social jurisdictions.
2004年8月9日的法律颁布后，接种事故的赔偿情况有所发展。该法律规定了在符合国家团结原则的强制接种中，对可归因损害进行全面赔偿的条件。国家医疗事故、医源性疾病和医院感染赔偿办公室（ONIAM）负责此项赔偿。对于非强制接种，只有在医生存在过错的情况下，才会追究医疗责任。尽管在2008年底，乙肝接种与多发性硬化症的诱发之间缺乏科学确定的关联，但疫苗接种事故的判例在民事、社会和行政司法管辖区有所不同。在民事司法管辖区面前，对接种与其后果之间因果关系的认定比在行政或社会司法管辖区面前更为严格。
