Kaae Susanne, Søndergaard Birthe, Haugbølle Lotte Stig, Traulsen Janine Morgall
Institute of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Section for Social Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Pharm World Sci. 2010 Feb;32(1):36-42. doi: 10.1007/s11096-009-9337-5. Epub 2009 Oct 13.
To develop, apply and evaluate a new research method to establish relationships between structural and process elements of the provision of cognitive services. In-depth knowledge about how local organisational structural elements of community pharmacies shape the implementation process of cognitive services is needed to develop targeted quality assurance systems to ensure that the services are continuously provided to the patients who need them. The first publicly reimbursed cognitive service in Denmark, the Inhaler Technique Assessment Service (ITAS) is used as the case.
The research method was developed at the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Copenhagen and later applied to seven community pharmacies geographically spread around Denmark.
A pilot study as well as a subsequent literature review was conducted to determine which structure-process elements to focus on in the research method as well as to select appropriate theories and methods.
The developed research method was a qualitative exploratory multi-case study, that was based on method triangulation of field observations, semi-structured interviews, group interviews as well as collection of documentary material. The three main themes of the research method were: the administration of tasks, leadership style and professional values. We integrated the organisational theories of Mintzberg, Bolman and Deal as well as Sørensen to support and clarify the data collection process and analyses. A cross-case analysis and an exploratory contextual analysis relating the leadership style of the pharmacy owner to the ITAS provision were applied to the collected data.
The developed qualitative exploratory multi-case study research method was satisfactory with regard to achieving nuanced and in-depth results of some relationships between structural and process elements of provision of cognitive services. The research method can be considered an important supplement to the existing literature on the sustainability of cognitive services.
开发、应用并评估一种新的研究方法，以建立认知服务提供的结构要素与过程要素之间的关系。为了制定有针对性的质量保证体系，以确保认知服务能够持续提供给有需要的患者，我们需要深入了解社区药房的地方组织结构要素如何影响认知服务的实施过程。丹麦首个由公共资金报销的认知服务——吸入技术评估服务（ITAS）被用作案例。
该研究方法由哥本哈根大学药学院开发，随后应用于丹麦各地分布的七家社区药房。
进行了一项试点研究以及后续的文献综述，以确定在研究方法中应关注哪些结构 - 过程要素，并选择合适的理论和方法。
所开发的研究方法是一种定性探索性多案例研究，它基于实地观察、半结构化访谈、小组访谈以及文献资料收集的方法三角测量。该研究方法的三个主要主题是：任务管理、领导风格和专业价值观。我们整合了明茨伯格、博尔曼和迪尔以及索伦森的组织理论，以支持和阐明数据收集过程及分析。对收集到的数据应用了跨案例分析以及将药房所有者的领导风格与ITAS提供情况相关联的探索性情境分析。
所开发的定性探索性多案例研究方法在实现认知服务提供的结构要素与过程要素之间某些关系的细致入微且深入的结果方面令人满意。该研究方法可被视为对现有关于认知服务可持续性文献的重要补充。
