McKee Fraser R, Levac Joshua, Hallett Rebecca H
School of Environmental Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada N1G 2W1.
Environ Entomol. 2009 Oct;38(5):1387-94. doi: 10.1603/022.038.0506.
The pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Diptera: Agromyzidae), is a highly polyphagous insect pest of global distribution. L. huidobrensis feeds and lays its eggs on leaf tissue and reduces crop marketability because of stippling and mining damage. In field insecticide trials, it was observed that stippling was reduced on plants treated with surfactant alone. The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of surfactants on host selection behaviors of female L. huidobrensis and to assess the phytotoxicity of two common surfactants to test plants. The application of the surfactant Sylgard 309 to celery (Apium graveolens) caused a significant reduction in stippling rates. The application of Agral 90 to cucumber leaves (Cucumis sativus) resulted in changes to the amount of effort invested by females in specific host plant selection behaviors, as well as causing a significant reduction in the amount of stippling damage. The recommended dose of Sylgard 309 does not induce phytotoxicity on celery over a range of age classes nor does Agral 90 cause a phytotoxic effect in 35-d-old cucumber. Thus, reductions in observed stippling and changes to host selection behaviors were caused by an antixenotic effect of the surfactant on L. huidobrensis rather than a toxic effect of the surfactant on the plant. The presence of surfactant on an otherwise acceptable host plant seems to have masked host plant cues and prevented host plant recognition. Results indicate that surfactants may be used to reduce leafminer damage to vegetable crops, potentially reducing the use of insecticides.
南美斑潜蝇，Liriomyza huidobrensis（双翅目：潜蝇科），是一种分布于全球的多食性害虫。南美斑潜蝇在叶片组织上取食和产卵，由于点刻和潜道危害，降低了作物的市场价值。在田间杀虫剂试验中，观察到仅用表面活性剂处理的植株上点刻减少。本研究的目的是确定表面活性剂对南美斑潜蝇雌虫寄主选择行为的影响，并评估两种常见表面活性剂对试验植物的植物毒性。在芹菜（Apium graveolens）上施用表面活性剂Sylgard 309可显著降低点刻率。在黄瓜叶片（Cucumis sativus）上施用Agral 90导致雌虫在特定寄主植物选择行为上投入的精力发生变化，同时点刻危害量也显著减少。Sylgard 309的推荐剂量在一系列年龄组中对芹菜均未诱导植物毒性，Agral 90对35日龄黄瓜也未产生植物毒性效应。因此，观察到的点刻减少和寄主选择行为的变化是由表面活性剂对南美斑潜蝇的忌避作用引起的，而不是表面活性剂对植物的毒性作用。在原本可接受的寄主植物上存在表面活性剂似乎掩盖了寄主植物的线索并阻止了对寄主植物的识别。结果表明，表面活性剂可用于减少斑潜蝇对蔬菜作物的危害，有可能减少杀虫剂的使用。
