Ramaiah Ramesh, Lam Arthur M
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104-8009, USA.
Anesthesiol Clin. 2009 Sep;27(3):485-96, table of contents. doi: 10.1016/j.anclin.2009.07.011.
Despite improvement in surgical techniques, anesthetic management, and intensive care, a significant number of elderly patients develop postoperative cognitive decline. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a postoperative memory or thinking impairment that has been corroborated by neuropsychological testing, for which increasing age is the leading risk factor. POCD is multifactorial in origin, but it remains unclear whether its occurrence is a result of surgery or general anesthesia. This article discusses the incidence, assessment, consequences, and prevention of POCD, as well as anesthetic strategies to improve cognitive outcome in elderly patients.
尽管手术技术、麻醉管理和重症监护有所改进，但仍有相当数量的老年患者术后出现认知功能下降。术后认知功能障碍（POCD）是一种经神经心理学测试证实的术后记忆或思维障碍，其中年龄增长是主要危险因素。POCD的病因是多因素的，但其发生是手术还是全身麻醉的结果仍不清楚。本文讨论了POCD的发病率、评估、后果和预防，以及改善老年患者认知结局的麻醉策略。
