Mace John H
Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL 61920, USA.
Am J Psychol. 2009 Fall;122(3):371-81.
Recent studies have shown that conscious recollection of the past occurs spontaneously when subjects voluntarily recall their own past experiences or a list of previously studied words. Naturalistic diary studies and laboratory studies of this phenomenon, often called involuntary conscious memory (ICM), show that it occurs in 2 ways. One is direct ICM retrieval, which occurs when a cue spontaneously triggers a conscious memory; the other is chained ICM retrieval, which occurs when a retrieved conscious memory spontaneously triggers another. Laboratory studies investigating ICM show that chained ICM retrieval occurs on voluntary autobiographical memory tasks. The present results show that chained ICM retrieval also occurs on a voluntary word list memory task (cued recall). These results are among a handful suggesting that ICM retrieval routinely occurs during voluntary recall.
最近的研究表明，当受试者自愿回忆自己过去的经历或之前学习过的单词列表时，对过去的有意识回忆会自发发生。对这一现象的自然主义日记研究和实验室研究，通常称为非自愿性有意识记忆（ICM），表明它以两种方式发生。一种是直接的ICM检索，当一个线索自发触发有意识记忆时就会发生；另一种是链式ICM检索，当检索到的有意识记忆自发触发另一个记忆时就会发生。调查ICM的实验室研究表明，链式ICM检索发生在自愿性自传体记忆任务中。目前的结果表明，链式ICM检索也发生在自愿性单词列表记忆任务（线索回忆）中。这些结果是少数表明ICM检索在自愿回忆过程中经常发生的结果之一。
