Berntsen D
Institute of Psychology, University of Aarhus, Denmark.
Memory. 1998 Mar;6(2):113-41. doi: 10.1080/741942071.
Involuntary autobiographical memories recorded in a diary study are compared to voluntary autobiographical memories retrieved in response to verbal cues in a laboratory. The verbal cues were generated to be comparable to the cues that were found to elicit the involuntary memories. The findings demonstrate that voluntary and involuntary retrieval may access different samples of autobiographical memories. The voluntary memories were (1) less specific, (2) more frequently rehearsed, and (3) less emotionally positive than the involuntary memories. A reanalysis of the diary study examined conditions of involuntary retrieval. The memories occurred most frequently when attention was diffuse. They were typically triggered by environmental cues matching central features of the remembered event. The findings are discussed in relation to current models of autobiographical memory.
在一项日记研究中记录的非自愿性自传体记忆，与在实验室中根据言语线索检索出的自愿性自传体记忆进行了比较。所生成的言语线索与那些被发现能引发非自愿性记忆的线索具有可比性。研究结果表明，自愿性和非自愿性检索可能获取不同的自传体记忆样本。与非自愿性记忆相比，自愿性记忆（1）不太具体，（2）被更多次地复述，且（3）在情感上不那么积极。对日记研究的重新分析考察了非自愿性检索的条件。当注意力分散时，这些记忆出现得最为频繁。它们通常由与所记忆事件的核心特征相匹配的环境线索触发。研究结果结合当前的自传体记忆模型进行了讨论。
