Nittono Hiroshi, Wada Yuka
Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-7-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8521, Japan
Percept Mot Skills. 2009 Aug;109(1):79-94. doi: 10.2466/PMS.109.1.79-94.
The gaze cascade hypothesis argues that orienting behavior reflected in gaze shift plays an important role in preference formation for an object. Gazing at an object serves as reinforcement, by which the likelihood of gazing at that object again is increased. Evidence for this hypothesis has been obtained mainly from experiments in which people compare two facial stimuli for attractiveness. Two experiments were conducted to examine whether the gaze cascade effect occurs in preference judgments of novel graphic patterns. In Exp. 1, eye movements were tracked during three types of comparison tasks i n which participantsdecided which one of two graphic patterns was more attractive, less attractive, or subjectively brighter. In Exp. 2, stimulus duration (900 or 300 msec.) and gaze shift (with or without) were manipulated. None of the results supported the hypothesis that gaze shifts would affect preference formation. Instead, the mere exposure effect was supported-stimuli that were viewed longer were preferred to those viewed for less time, regardless of gaze shift.
注视级联假说认为，注视转移所反映的定向行为在对物体的偏好形成中起着重要作用。注视一个物体起到了强化作用，通过这种方式增加了再次注视该物体的可能性。这一假说的证据主要来自于人们比较两种面部刺激物吸引力的实验。进行了两项实验来检验注视级联效应是否出现在对新颖图形模式的偏好判断中。在实验1中，在三种类型的比较任务中跟踪眼动，参与者要判断两个图形模式中哪一个更具吸引力、吸引力更小或主观上更亮。在实验2中，对刺激持续时间（900或300毫秒）和注视转移（有或没有）进行了操控。没有任何结果支持注视转移会影响偏好形成这一假说。相反，得到支持的是单纯曝光效应——无论有无注视转移，观看时间较长的刺激物比观看时间较短的刺激物更受青睐。
