Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
Dev Sci. 2020 Nov;23(6):e12969. doi: 10.1111/desc.12969. Epub 2020 Apr 21.
Several studies have investigated the interactive relationship between attention and decision-making, which is known as the gaze bias effect. Although the generalizability of the gaze bias effect has recently been observed among young and older adults, it remains unknown in which developmental period individuals start to exhibit this relationship. This question was addressed in the current study by recruiting 58 toddlers aged 2-4 years. Participants were asked to do a two-alternative forced-choice task in which they chose one of two soft toys they preferred while their eye movements were recorded. Results demonstrated that toddlers exhibited gaze bias regardless of age. We also found that the number of gaze shifts during the task increased according to age. These results suggest that the interactive relationship between attention and decision is acquired by the age of two. The implications of the increased number of gaze shifts for visual decision-making are discussed.
已有多项研究调查了注意与决策之间的交互关系，即注视偏向效应。尽管注视偏向效应在年轻和老年成年人中的泛化性最近已得到观察，但个体在哪个发展阶段开始表现出这种关系尚不清楚。本研究通过招募 58 名 2-4 岁的幼儿来解决这个问题。参与者被要求在一项二选一的强制选择任务中选择他们喜欢的两个毛绒玩具之一，同时记录他们的眼球运动。结果表明，无论年龄大小，幼儿都表现出了注视偏向。我们还发现，任务过程中的注视转移次数随着年龄的增长而增加。这些结果表明，注意和决策之间的交互关系在两岁时就已经形成。我们还讨论了注视转移次数的增加对视决策的影响。
