Gething M J, Sambrook J
Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas 75235.
Semin Cell Biol. 1990 Feb;1(1):65-72.
Until recently, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells was regarded as an open corridor for the unregulated movement of newly-synthesized exocytotic proteins from their site of membrane translocation to the vesicles that ferry them from the transitional elements of the ER to the Golgi apparatus. Moreover, it was widely assumed that the folding and assembly of newly translocated polypeptides into their tertiary and quaternary structure is a spontaneous process that does not involve the intervention of other cellular proteins. In this article we review evidence that the ER is a highly discriminatory organelle that grants passage only to proteins that have attained an essentially native conformation, and summarize current knowledge about resident ER proteins that appear to facilitate and/or monitor protein folding and assembly in this organelle.
直到最近，真核细胞的内质网（ER）都被视为一条开放的通道，新合成的胞吐蛋白可以不受调控地从其膜易位位点移动到将它们从内质网的过渡元件转运到高尔基体的囊泡中。此外，人们普遍认为，新易位的多肽折叠并组装成其三级和四级结构是一个自发过程，不涉及其他细胞蛋白的干预。在本文中，我们回顾了内质网是一种高度选择性的细胞器，只允许已达到基本天然构象的蛋白质通过的证据，并总结了目前关于内质网驻留蛋白的知识，这些蛋白似乎在内质网中促进和/或监测蛋白质的折叠和组装。
