Montoya-Cabrera M A
Departamento de Admisión Hospitalaria y Toxicología, Hospital de Pediatría, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.
Gac Med Mex. 1990 Nov-Dec;126(6):533-6.
Neuroleptics (phenothiazines) and related medicaments such as haloperidol and metoclopramide, are frequent cause of intoxication. The main manifestations are extrapyramidal symptoms. In most cases the intoxications have an acute evolution and the large doses may be complicated with shock, coma and ventricular fibrillation; persistent hyperthermia brings poor prognosis. Their chronic use, even at therapeutic doses, may produce late dyskinesia, difficult to manage. Diphenhydramine is particularly useful to treat the acute intoxication; this could be started with slowly intravenous injected 1 mg/kg until symptoms disappear, and then continue per os for a minimum of these drugs. Its improper use and abuse are due to therapeutic mode.
抗精神病药（吩噻嗪类）以及相关药物如氟哌啶醇和甲氧氯普胺，是中毒的常见原因。主要表现为锥体外系症状。大多数情况下，中毒呈急性进展，大剂量时可能并发休克、昏迷和室颤；持续高热预后不良。长期使用这些药物，即使是治疗剂量，也可能导致迟发性运动障碍，难以处理。苯海拉明对治疗急性中毒特别有用；可先缓慢静脉注射1mg/kg直至症状消失，然后口服至少维持这些药物的剂量。其不当使用和滥用是由于治疗方式所致。
