Hospital Sanatorio Trinidad, University of Buenos Aires, Chenaut 1831, Buenos Aires, 1426, Argentina.
Early Hum Dev. 2009 Oct;85(10):621-6. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2009.09.013. Epub 2009 Oct 14.
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a life-threatening disorder in newborn infants. Universal intrapartum suction of infants with meconium stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) and postnatal suction of vigorous infants have been used in an attempt to decrease the incidence and severity of the disease by clearing the airway. Both procedures have been proven fruitless when challenged through randomised control trials (RCTs). Endotracheal intubation and suctioning are currently recommended only for non-vigorous infants. Respiratory failure in infants with MAS is frequently treated initially with conventional or synchronized mechanical ventilation. Surfactant administration and high-frequency ventilation (HFV) are commonly used as rescue therapy for severe cases. Nitric oxide (NO) is added when severe pulmonary hypertension is demonstrated. ECMO is an option when other treatments have failed. In the pathophysiology of severe MAS, asphyxia and pulmonary hypertension are considered to be more important than the obstruction of the airways and/or damage to the lung produced by meconium.
胎粪吸入综合征（MAS）是一种危及生命的新生儿疾病。在分娩过程中对胎粪污染羊水的婴儿进行普遍吸引，以及对活力充沛的新生儿进行产后吸引，都被用于试图通过清除气道来降低疾病的发生率和严重程度。这两种方法都已被随机对照试验（RCT）证明无效。目前仅建议对非活力充沛的婴儿进行气管内插管和抽吸。MAS 婴儿的呼吸衰竭通常最初采用常规或同步机械通气治疗。表面活性物质给药和高频通气（HFV）常用于严重病例的抢救治疗。当出现严重肺动脉高压时，添加一氧化氮（NO）。当其他治疗方法失败时，可以选择 ECMO。在严重 MAS 的病理生理学中，窒息和肺动脉高压被认为比胎粪引起的气道阻塞和/或肺部损伤更为重要。
