Groneck P, Speer C P
Pädiatrische Klinik, Kinderkrankenhaus der Stadt Köln.
Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol. 1996 Jul-Aug;200(4):132-7.
Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is found in 0.2-6 per 1000 lifeborn neonates. Aspiration of meconium particles may occur before, during or after delivery, associated with deep inspiratory movements due to fetal depression. Aspiration of meconium may cause mechanical obstruction of the airways, chemical pneumonitis, and surfactant inactivation. The disease is commonly associated with the development of pulmonary hypertension and severe respiratory insufficiency. MAS may be prevented, at least in some infants, by appropriate suctioning at birth. Great progress has been made in the treatment: early administration of surfactant improves gas exchange in many neonates. High frequency oscillatory ventilation, NO-inhalation and extracorporal membrane oxygenation have a role in severe respiratory failure.
胎粪吸入综合征（MAS）在每1000例活产新生儿中发生率为0.2 - 6例。胎粪颗粒的吸入可能发生在分娩前、分娩期间或分娩后，与胎儿窘迫导致的深吸气动作有关。胎粪吸入可导致气道机械性阻塞、化学性肺炎和表面活性物质失活。该疾病通常与肺动脉高压和严重呼吸功能不全的发生有关。至少在一些婴儿中，通过出生时适当的吸引可预防MAS。治疗方面已取得很大进展：早期给予表面活性物质可改善许多新生儿的气体交换。高频振荡通气、吸入一氧化氮和体外膜肺氧合在严重呼吸衰竭中发挥作用。
