Hahn E G, Fleig W E
Medizinische Klinik I mit Poliklinik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
Langenbecks Arch Chir Suppl II Verh Dtsch Ges Chir. 1990:369-72.
Balloon tamponade and vasoactive drugs such as vasopressin, glypressin, vasopressin and nitroglycerin combined and somatostatin are the mainstay of noninvasive emergency treatment of bleeding gastroesophageal varices. However, their hemostatic efficacy is limited and recurrent bleeding occurs in at least one half of the patients. Survival is not improved. Unwarranted side effects and complications may be severe. Therefore, vasoactive drugs and balloon tamponade can only serve as temporizing measures until some means of definite control of bleeding such as sclerotherapy is available.
气囊压迫及血管活性药物如加压素、特利加压素、加压素与硝酸甘油联合使用以及生长抑素是食管胃静脉曲张出血非侵入性紧急治疗的主要手段。然而，它们的止血效果有限，至少一半的患者会再次出血。生存率并未提高。不必要的副作用和并发症可能很严重。因此，血管活性药物和气囊压迫只能作为临时措施，直到有诸如硬化疗法等确定控制出血的方法可用。
