Oyston Petra C F
Biomedical Sciences, Dstl Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, SP4 0JQ, UK.
Vaccine. 2009 Nov 5;27 Suppl 4:D48-51. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.07.090.
Francisella tularensis has attracted attention historically as a biological weapon, due to its high infectivity in aerosols, and the severity of disease in humans. There is no licensed vaccine currently available, although an attenuated live vaccine strain (LVS) was identified in the middle of the last century and has been successfully used to protect humans. Efforts are underway to determine the basis of attenuation of LVS, and to understand the immunity required for protection. Alternative approaches to produce subunit vaccines and defined attenuated strains are also in progress. However, the limitations of animal models may make licensing a candidate vaccine challenging.
土拉弗朗西斯菌在历史上一直作为一种生物武器备受关注，这是因为它在气溶胶中有很高的传染性，且能导致人类患上严重疾病。目前尚无获批的疫苗，尽管在上世纪中叶鉴定出了一种减毒活疫苗株（LVS），并且该疫苗株已成功用于保护人类。目前正在努力确定LVS减毒的基础，并了解保护所需的免疫力。生产亚单位疫苗和特定减毒株的替代方法也在进行中。然而，动物模型的局限性可能会使候选疫苗的获批具有挑战性。
