Marohn Mark E, Barry Eileen M
University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
Vaccine. 2013 Aug 2;31(35):3485-91. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.096. Epub 2013 Jun 10.
In the aftermath of the 2001 anthrax attacks in the U.S., numerous efforts were made to increase the level of preparedness against a biological attack both in the US and worldwide. As a result, there has been an increase in research interest in the development of vaccines and other countermeasures against a number of agents with the potential to be used as biological weapons. One such agent, Francisella tularensis, has been the subject of a surge in the level of research being performed, leading to a substantial increase in knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms of the organism and the induced immune responses. This information has facilitated the development of multiple new Francisella vaccine candidates. Herein we review the latest live attenuated F. tularensis vaccine efforts. Historically, live attenuated vaccines have demonstrated the greatest degree of success in protection against tularemia and the greatest promise in recent efforts to develop of a fully protective vaccine. This review summarizes recent live attenuated Francisella vaccine candidates and the lessons learned from those studies, with the goal of collating known characteristics associated with successful attenuation, immunogenicity, and protection.
2001年美国发生炭疽袭击事件后，美国和全球都做出了诸多努力来提高应对生物袭击的防范水平。因此，针对一些有可能被用作生物武器的病原体，研发疫苗及其他应对措施的研究兴趣有所增加。土拉弗朗西斯菌就是其中一种病原体，对其开展的研究数量激增，这使得人们对该生物体的致病机制和诱导免疫反应的了解大幅增加。这些信息推动了多种新型土拉弗朗西斯菌疫苗候选物的研发。在此，我们综述土拉弗朗西斯菌减毒活疫苗的最新研究进展。从历史上看，减毒活疫苗在预防兔热病方面取得了最大程度的成功，并且在近期研发完全保护性疫苗的努力中最具前景。本综述总结了近期土拉弗朗西斯菌减毒活疫苗候选物以及从这些研究中吸取的经验教训，目的是梳理出与成功减毒、免疫原性和保护性相关的已知特征。
