Department of Psychology, Chicago State University, Chicago, IL 60628, USA.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2009 Jul;79(3):398-406. doi: 10.1037/a0016659.
The current study examines violent and nonviolent traumatic events involving friends and family members as predictors of PTSD, depression, internalizing, and externalizing behaviors in a sample of 403 African American early adolescents from chronically violent environments. Although there are many studies of urban children's exposure to community violence, few address the unique contribution of events involving significant others, and almost no research addresses African American youths' exposure to traumatic events other than violence. This study found that violent and nonviolent traumatic events were pervasive in the lives of these urban youth, and that they were as likely to report loss and injury of a close other through an accident as an act of violence. There were strong gender differences in the data. Unexpectedly, injury or loss of a close friend or family member from nonviolent events, but not from violent events, predicted PTSD, internalizing, and depression for boys. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for school-based universal interventions in communities where large numbers of children live with loss and trauma.
本研究以 403 名来自长期暴力环境的非裔美国青少年为样本，考察了涉及朋友和家庭成员的暴力和非暴力创伤性事件对 PTSD、抑郁、内化和外化行为的预测作用。尽管有许多关于城市儿童接触社区暴力的研究，但很少有研究涉及涉及重要他人的事件的独特贡献，几乎没有研究涉及除暴力以外的非裔美国青年的创伤性事件暴露。本研究发现，这些城市青年的生活中普遍存在暴力和非暴力创伤性事件，他们同样可能报告因意外或暴力行为导致亲密他人的伤亡。数据中存在明显的性别差异。出乎意料的是，非暴力事件而非暴力事件导致的亲密朋友或家人的受伤或丧失，会预测男孩出现 PTSD、内化和抑郁。根据这些结果，在许多儿童生活在丧失和创伤中的社区，讨论了在学校开展普遍干预的意义。
