Berton M W, Stabb S D
Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, USA.
Adolescence. 1996 Summer;31(122):489-98.
The prevalence and severity of stressors in the lives of urban adolescents may predispose them to symptoms of psychological stress and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to investigate variables associated with the incidence of symptomatology characteristic of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in adolescents in a major metropolitan area. One hundred and three high school juniors completed The Keane PTSD Scale, the Civilian Mississippi Scale for PTSD, and a demographic questionnaire was completed by 97 high school juniors of whom 29% indicated clinical levels of PTSD symptomatology. Comparisons of incidence were made with regard to gender, ethnicity, family constellation, self-reported exposure to violence, self-reported exposure to trauma, and incidence of violent crime in the vicinity of school attendance. Results revealed that minority males were exposed in their neighborhoods and schools to more violent crime than were any other group. A gender effect in response to violent crime was evident. In the school with the highest rates of murder, assault, and individual robbery, boys achieved low to mid-range PTSD scores, while girls obtained the highest PTSD scores of all participants in the study, indicating that girls may respond to violence with more symptoms of PTSD than boys.
城市青少年生活中压力源的普遍性和严重性可能使他们易出现心理压力症状和创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。本研究的目的是调查与一个主要大都市地区青少年创伤后应激障碍特征性症状发生率相关的变量。103名高中三年级学生完成了基恩创伤后应激障碍量表、平民版密西西比创伤后应激障碍量表，97名高中三年级学生完成了一份人口统计学问卷，其中29%的学生显示出创伤后应激障碍症状的临床水平。就性别、种族、家庭结构、自我报告的暴力暴露、自我报告的创伤暴露以及上学附近地区暴力犯罪发生率对发生率进行了比较。结果显示，少数族裔男性在其社区和学校中比其他任何群体遭受更多的暴力犯罪。对暴力犯罪的反应存在性别效应。在谋杀、袭击和个人抢劫发生率最高的学校，男孩的创伤后应激障碍得分处于低到中等范围，而女孩获得了研究中所有参与者的最高创伤后应激障碍得分，这表明女孩对暴力的反应可能比男孩有更多的创伤后应激障碍症状。
