Department of Neurology, St. Anne's Hospital Medical Faculty Masaryk University Brno, Pekarská 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
Cerebellum. 2010 Mar;9(1):124-35. doi: 10.1007/s12311-009-0133-5.
There is evidence that both the basal ganglia and the cerebellum play a role in the neural representation of time in a variety of behaviours, but whether one of them is more important is not yet clear. To address this question in the context of predictive motor timing, we tested patients with various movement disorders implicating these two structures in a motor-timing task. Specifically, we investigated four different groups: (1) patients with early Parkinson's disease (PD); (2) patients with sporadic spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA); (3) patients with familial essential tremor (ET); and (4) matched healthy controls. We used a predictive motor-timing task that involved mediated interception of a moving target, and we assessed the effect of movement type (acceleration, deceleration and constant), speed (slow, medium and fast) and angle (0 degrees , 15 degrees and 30 degrees) on performance (hit, early error and late error). The main results showed that PD group and arm ET subgroup did not significantly differ from the control group. SCA and head ET subjects (severe and mild cerebellar damage, respectively) were significantly worse at interception than the other two groups. Our findings support the idea that the basal ganglia play a less significant role in predictive motor timing than the cerebellum. The fact that SCA and ET subjects seemed to have a fundamental problem with predictive motor timing suggests that the cerebellum plays an essential role in integrating incoming visual information with the motor output in a timely manner, and that ET is a heterogeneous entity that deserves increased attention from clinicians.
有证据表明，基底神经节和小脑在各种行为的时间神经表示中都发挥作用，但哪一个更重要尚不清楚。为了在预测运动定时的背景下解决这个问题，我们测试了患有各种运动障碍的患者，这些障碍涉及到这两个结构的运动定时任务。具体来说，我们研究了四个不同的组：（1）早期帕金森病（PD）患者；（2）散发性脊髓小脑共济失调（SCA）患者；（3）家族性特发性震颤（ET）患者；和（4）匹配的健康对照组。我们使用了一种预测运动定时任务，涉及到对移动目标的中介拦截，我们评估了运动类型（加速、减速和匀速）、速度（慢、中、快）和角度（0 度、15 度和 30 度）对表现（命中、提前错误和延迟错误）的影响。主要结果表明，PD 组和手臂 ET 亚组与对照组没有显著差异。SCA 和头部 ET 患者（分别为严重和轻度小脑损伤）在拦截方面明显差于其他两组。我们的发现支持基底神经节在预测运动定时中的作用不如小脑重要的观点。SCA 和 ET 患者似乎在预测运动定时方面存在根本问题，这表明小脑在及时将传入的视觉信息与运动输出整合方面起着至关重要的作用，而 ET 是一种异质实体，值得临床医生给予更多关注。
