Branciard Anne
Aix-Marseille Université IFR 134, UMR 912 Inserm-IRD Sciences économiques et sociales, systèmes de santé, sociétés, Marseille, France.
Med Sci (Paris). 2009 May;25 Spec No 2:9-12. doi: 10.1051/medsci/2009252s9.
At the dawn of the 20th century, the economic dynamics of modern biotechnology in the USA was coming from scientific and industrial centres. These bio parks combined the development of academic knowledge with innovating industrial and biomedical activities using public and private fundings. In France, the goal of competitiveness within a knowledge-based economy focusing on life sciences, led the government to change its institutional schemes supporting innovation. The creation of Genopole in Evry in 1998 institutionalizes a bifurcation in Science and Technology public policy to diffusion-oriented instruments. This centre of excellence connected together heterogeneous partners and resources around large scale facilities and the implementation of a technological and logistic support to stimulate start up companies. Although the dynamics created by Genopole for both the knowledge base and commercialisation in genomics is a unique outcome of a public/private combination and national/local process, this experimental intermediary institution generated new bridges between science and society.
在20世纪初，美国现代生物技术的经济动力来自科学和工业中心。这些生物园区将学术知识的发展与利用公共和私人资金开展的创新工业及生物医学活动结合起来。在法国，基于生命科学的知识经济中的竞争力目标促使政府改变其支持创新的制度方案。1998年在埃夫里创建的基因谷将科技公共政策的一个分支制度化，转向以传播为导向的工具。这个卓越中心围绕大型设施将不同的合作伙伴和资源联系在一起，并实施技术和后勤支持以刺激初创公司。尽管基因谷在基因组学的知识库和商业化方面所创造的动力是公私结合及国家/地方进程的独特成果，但这个实验性的中介机构在科学与社会之间搭建了新的桥梁。
