Mian Lal S, Lovett Joseph, Dhillon Major S
Department of Health Science and Human Ecology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407-2393, USA.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2009 Sep;25(3):347-55. doi: 10.2987/09-5755.1.
Studies were conducted to determine the effect of water quality on mosquito development at the Prado Wetlands in southern California during 2003-04. In field experimental ponds, mosquito abundance was significantly higher in the sewage effluent-treated water than in untreated control. As compared to untreated control, treated water had higher dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, phosphorus, and turbidity, and it showed lower electrical conductivity, sulfate, carbonates, and bicarbonates. Diverse vegetation and invertebrate fauna as influenced by water quality may have contributed to higher mosquito breeding in the treated ponds. In laboratory studies, the treated water did not significantly affect the developmental rate, adult emergence, sex ratio, and overall mortality of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis, known vectors of encephalitides in southern California. However, the ovipositional response, especially of the former species, was numerically higher to the treated than to untreated control water. Besides smaller body size of 3rd/4th instars of both species, 4th-stage larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus reared in the treated pond water weighed lighter than the control larvae.
2003 - 2004年期间，在加利福尼亚州南部的普拉多湿地开展了多项研究，以确定水质对蚊子发育的影响。在野外实验池塘中，经过污水排放处理的水中蚊子数量显著高于未处理的对照池塘。与未处理的对照相比，处理后的水溶解氧、总氮、磷和浊度更高，而电导率、硫酸盐、碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐更低。受水质影响的多样植被和无脊椎动物群落可能导致了处理后池塘中蚊子繁殖量增加。在实验室研究中，处理后的水对加利福尼亚州南部已知的脑炎病媒——致倦库蚊和尖音库蚊的发育速率、成虫羽化、性别比例及总体死亡率均无显著影响。然而，产卵反应，尤其是前一种蚊子，对处理后的水的反应在数量上高于未处理的对照水。除了两种蚊子的三龄/四龄幼虫体型较小外，在处理后的池塘水中饲养的致倦库蚊四龄幼虫比对照幼虫体重更轻。
