Krivo Lauren J, Peterson Ruth D, Kuhl Danielle C
Department of Sociology, Ohio State University, 238 Townshend Hall, 1885 Neil Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.
AJS. 2009 May;114(6):1765-802. doi: 10.1086/597285.
Drawing on structural racism and urban disadvantage approaches, this article posits a broad influence of citywide racial residential segregation on levels of violent crime across all urban neighborhoods regardless of their racial/ethnic composition. Multilevel models based on data from the National Neighborhood Crime Study for 7,622 neighborhoods in 79 cities throughout the United States reveal that segregation is positively associated with violent crime for white and various types of nonwhite neighborhoods. Nonetheless, there is a lack of parity in violence across these types of communities reflecting the larger racialized social system in which whites are able to use their privileged position to reside in the most advantaged neighborhoods, while African-Americans and Latinos live in the most disadvantaged urban communities and therefore bear the brunt of urban criminal violence.
借鉴结构性种族主义和城市劣势理论，本文认为全市范围内的种族居住隔离对所有城市社区的暴力犯罪水平具有广泛影响，无论其种族/族裔构成如何。基于美国79个城市7622个社区的全国邻里犯罪研究数据建立的多层次模型显示，种族隔离与白人社区以及各类非白人社区的暴力犯罪呈正相关。尽管如此，这些类型的社区在暴力犯罪方面缺乏平等性，这反映了更大的种族化社会体系，即白人能够利用其特权地位居住在最有利的社区，而非裔美国人和拉丁裔则生活在最不利的城市社区，因此首当其冲地承受城市刑事暴力的冲击。
