Anzid Karim, Elhamdani Fatima Zahra, Baali Abdellatif, Boëtsch Gilles, Levy-Desroches Susan, Lôpez Pilar Montero, Cherkaoui Mohamed
Department of Biology, Laboratory of Human Ecology, University Cadi Ayyad, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Marrakech, Morocco.
Ann Hum Biol. 2009 Nov-Dec;36(6):727-49. doi: 10.3109/03014460903099996.
In Morocco, few studies have specifically addressed the association between food variety and household socio-economic status and area of residence.
The study's objective was to obtain a qualitative description of food consumption in samples of Moroccan households and to examine the influence of socio-economic factors and area of residence on their food variety.
A qualitative food frequency questionnaire was administered by adolescent school pupils in their own households between March 2005 and March 2006 in 526 households in the regions of Marrakesh north of the High Atlas range and Ouarzazate to the south. We calculated the Food Variety Index (FVI) based on 183 food items and compared scores for advantaged/disadvantaged and urban/rural households.
Mean FVI scores for all individuals and total food groups differ significantly between the area of residence, urban and peri-urban Marrakesh and urban Ouarzazate having the highest scores. The mean total FVI scores, presented according to the household's socio-economic status from highest to lowest, are 123.8 +/- 17.1 for urban Marrakesh, 107.6 +/- 21.6 for urban Ouarzazate, 92.0 +/- 22.4 for rural Skoura, 110.5 +/- 21.5 for peri-urban Marrakesh and 89.9 +/- 10.8 for rural Iguerferouane (F-test = 26.7, p < 0.001). Advantaged households have significantly greater variety than disadvantaged households for all variables only in the two urban samples. In peri-urban Marrakesh and rural Skoura, there are no significant differences between advantaged and disadvantaged households.
In our Moroccan sample, food variety is distributed according to two patterns: One based on area of residence, urban areas having greater variety than rural areas, and the other on socio-economic factors, with advantaged households having higher FVI values but only in urban areas. The limited availability of certain foods and food preferences by the populations mean that not all households are able to diversify their diets.
在摩洛哥，很少有研究专门探讨食物种类与家庭社会经济地位及居住地区之间的关联。
本研究的目的是对摩洛哥家庭样本的食物消费进行定性描述，并考察社会经济因素和居住地区对其食物种类的影响。
2005年3月至2006年3月期间，由青少年学生在位于阿特拉斯山脉以北的马拉喀什地区和南部的瓦尔扎扎特地区的526户家庭中，自行发放一份定性食物频率问卷。我们基于183种食物计算了食物种类指数（FVI），并比较了优势/劣势家庭以及城市/农村家庭的得分。
所有个体和各类食物的平均FVI得分在居住地区之间存在显著差异，马拉喀什的城市和城郊地区以及瓦尔扎扎特的城市得分最高。根据家庭社会经济地位从高到低列出的平均总FVI得分分别为：马拉喀什城市地区123.8±17.1，瓦尔扎扎特城市地区107.6±21.6，斯库拉农村地区92.0±22.4，马拉喀什城郊地区110.5±21.5，伊盖尔费鲁阿内农村地区89.9±10.8（F检验=26.7，p<0.001）。仅在两个城市样本中，优势家庭在所有变量上的食物种类显著多于劣势家庭。在马拉喀什城郊地区和斯库拉农村地区，优势家庭和劣势家庭之间没有显著差异。
在我们的摩洛哥样本中，食物种类按两种模式分布：一种基于居住地区，城市地区的食物种类多于农村地区；另一种基于社会经济因素，优势家庭的FVI值较高，但仅在城市地区如此。某些食物的供应有限以及人群的食物偏好意味着并非所有家庭都能使饮食多样化。
