Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU-Building 115, DK 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
Waste Manag. 2010 Mar;30(3):433-40. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2009.09.017. Epub 2009 Oct 23.
A number of LCA-based studies have reported on the environmental performance of landfilling of mixed waste, but little is known about the relative contributions of individual waste fractions to the overall impact potentials estimated for the mixed waste. In this paper, an empirical model has been used to estimate the emissions to the environment from landfilling of individual waste fractions. By means of the LCA-model EASEWASTE, the emissions estimated have been used to quantify how much of the overall impact potential for each impact category is to be attributed to the individual waste fractions. Impact potentials are estimated for 1 tonne of mixed waste disposed off in a conventional landfill with bottom liner, leachate collection and treatment and gas collection and utilization for electricity generation. All the environmental aspects are accounted for 100 years after disposal and several impact categories have been considered, including standard categories, toxicity-related categories and groundwater contamination. Amongst the standard and toxicity-related categories, the highest potential impact is estimated for human toxicity via soil (HTs; 12 mPE/tonne). This is mostly caused by leaching of heavy metals from ashes (e.g. residues from roads cleaning and vacuum cleaning bags), batteries, paper and metals. On the other hand, substantial net environmental savings are estimated for the categories Global Warming (GW; -31 mPE/tonne) and Eco-Toxicity in water chronic (ETwc; -53 mPE/tonne). These savings are mostly determined by the waste fractions characterized by a high content of biogenic carbon (paper, organics, other combustible waste). These savings are due to emissions from energy generation avoided by landfill gas utilization, and by the storage of biogenic carbon in the landfill due to incomplete waste degradation.
一些基于生命周期评估（Life Cycle Assessment，LCA）的研究报告了混合废物填埋的环境性能，但对于个别废物组分对混合废物总体影响潜力的相对贡献知之甚少。本文使用经验模型来估算个别废物组分填埋时向环境排放的污染物。通过使用 LCA 模型 EASEWASTE，估算出的排放量被用来量化每个影响类别中的总体影响潜力有多少归因于个别废物组分。对于 1 吨混合废物在具有底部衬垫、渗滤液收集和处理以及用于发电的气体收集和利用的常规垃圾填埋场中的处置，估算了其影响潜力。在处置后 100 年内，考虑了所有环境方面，并考虑了几个影响类别，包括标准类别、与毒性相关的类别和地下水污染。在标准和毒性相关类别中，通过土壤（HTs）对人类毒性的潜在影响最大（12 mPE/吨）。这主要是由于灰烬（例如道路清洁和真空清洁袋、电池、纸张和金属的残余物）、电池、纸张和金属中的重金属浸出造成的。另一方面，对于全球变暖（GW）和水慢性生态毒性（ETwc）类别，估计会有大量的净环境节约。这些节约主要取决于生物成因碳含量高的废物组分（纸张、有机物、其他可燃废物）。这些节约是由于利用垃圾填埋气发电和由于生物成因碳在垃圾填埋场中的不完全降解而避免了排放，从而导致的。
