Hirsch Martin S, Günthard Huldrych F, Schapiro Jonathan M, Brun-Vézinet Françoise, Clotet Bonaventura, Hammer Scott M, Johnson Victoria A, Kuritzkes Daniel R, Mellors John W, Pillay Deenan, Yeni Patrick G, Jacobsen Donna M, Richman Douglas D
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Top HIV Med. 2008 Aug-Sep;16(3):266-85.
Resistance to antiretroviral drugs remains an important limitation to successful human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) therapy. Resistance testing can improve treatment outcomes for infected individuals. The availability of new drugs from various classes, standardization of resistance assays, and the development of viral tropism tests necessitate new guidelines for resistance testing. The International AIDS Society-USA convened a panel of physicians and scientists with expertise in drug-resistant HIV-1, drug management, and patient care to review recently published data and presentations at scientific conferences and to provide updated recommendations. Whenever possible, resistance testing is recommended at the time of HIV infection diagnosis as part of the initial comprehensive patient assessment, as well as in all cases of virologic failure. Tropism testing is recommended whenever the use of chemokine receptor 5 antagonists is contemplated. As the roll out of antiretroviral therapy continues in developing countries, drug resistance monitoring for both subtype B and non-subtype B strains of HIV will become increasingly important.
对抗逆转录病毒药物产生耐药性仍然是成功治疗1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）的一个重要限制因素。耐药性检测可以改善受感染个体的治疗效果。各类新药的出现、耐药性检测方法的标准化以及病毒嗜性检测的发展，都需要制定新的耐药性检测指南。美国国际艾滋病协会召集了一组在耐药性HIV-1、药物管理和患者护理方面具有专业知识的医生和科学家，以审查最近发表的数据以及科学会议上的报告，并提供最新建议。只要有可能，建议在HIV感染诊断时进行耐药性检测，作为初始全面患者评估的一部分，以及在所有病毒学治疗失败的病例中进行检测。每当考虑使用趋化因子受体5拮抗剂时，建议进行嗜性检测。随着抗逆转录病毒疗法在发展中国家的推广，对HIV B亚型和非B亚型毒株的耐药性监测将变得越来越重要。
