School of Psychology and MARCS Auditory Laboratories, University of Western Sydney, South Penrith, Australia.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2009 Nov;35(6):1570-7. doi: 10.1037/a0017244.
The sequencing of dance movements may be thought of as a grammar. We investigate implicit learning of regularities that govern sequences of unfamiliar, discrete dance movements. It was hypothesized that observers without prior experience with contemporary dance would be able to learn regularities that underpin structured human movement. Thirty-one adults were assigned to either an exposure or a control group. Exposure consisted of 22 grammatical 3-, 4-, and 5-movement sequences presented twice in random order; sequence duration ranged from 9 to 19 s. In a test phase, exposure and control groups identified previously unseen sequences as grammatical or ungrammatical, and rated confidence of judgment. The exposure group selected significantly more new grammatical sequences in the test phase than the control group. In addition, for the exposure group, the zero correlation criterion, wherein no relation between confidence and accuracy indicates unconscious knowledge, was satisfied. Through exposure, novice observers can learn a grammar that governs the sequencing of dance movements. This has implications for implicit learning of long sequences, working memory, and the development of expectations through exposure to contemporary dance.
舞蹈动作的序列可以被视为一种语法。我们研究了对不熟悉的离散舞蹈动作序列进行规律的隐性学习。假设没有现代舞经验的观察者能够学习到支撑结构化人体运动的规律。31 名成年人被分配到暴露组或对照组。暴露组由 22 个语法上的 3、4 和 5 个动作序列组成，以随机顺序呈现两次；序列持续时间从 9 到 19 秒不等。在测试阶段，暴露组和对照组将之前未见过的序列识别为语法或不合语法，并对判断的置信度进行评分。暴露组在测试阶段选择的新的语法序列明显多于对照组。此外，对于暴露组，零相关标准（即置信度和准确性之间没有关系表示无意识知识）得到满足。通过暴露，新手观察者可以学习一种控制舞蹈动作序列的语法。这对长序列的隐性学习、工作记忆以及通过接触现代舞发展期望都有影响。
