Experimental Immunology, Department of Biomedicine University Hospital, University of Basel, CH-4031 Basel, Switzerland.
Prog Lipid Res. 2010 Apr;49(2):120-7. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2009.10.002. Epub 2009 Oct 24.
T lymphocytes are the cells of the immune system that may recognize glycolipids as antigens. T cells recognize lipids associated with the non-polymorphic molecules of the CD1 family present on the membrane of antigen-presenting cells. CD1 molecules contain hydrophobic pockets, which bind a large variety of lipid molecules in various manners. Lipid antigenicity is determined by their mode of uptake, membrane trafficking properties, degradation within endosomal compartments and capacity to form stable complexes with CD1. Extracellular and intracellular lipid binding proteins participate in lipid handling and loading on CD1 molecules within antigen-presenting cells. Recent crystal structures have disclosed how the T cell receptor contacts CD1-lipid complexes, revealing the contribution of both CD1 and lipid residues in making functionally relevant contacts. Lipid-specific T cells are important in autoimmunity, cancer surveillance, protection during infections, and in immunoregulation. The immunogenicity of lipids is being exploited in novel approaches to immunotherapy, including inhibition of autoimmunity and anti-cancer and bacterial vaccines.
T 淋巴细胞是免疫系统的细胞，它们可能将糖脂识别为抗原。T 细胞识别与抗原呈递细胞膜上存在的 CD1 家族的非多态性分子相关的脂质。CD1 分子含有疏水性口袋，以各种方式结合多种脂质分子。脂质的抗原性取决于它们的摄取方式、膜运输特性、在内体隔室中的降解以及与 CD1 形成稳定复合物的能力。细胞外和细胞内脂质结合蛋白参与脂质的处理和在抗原呈递细胞上加载到 CD1 分子上。最近的晶体结构揭示了 T 细胞受体如何与 CD1-脂质复合物接触，揭示了 CD1 和脂质残基在形成功能相关接触方面的贡献。脂质特异性 T 细胞在自身免疫、癌症监测、感染期间的保护以及免疫调节中具有重要作用。脂质的免疫原性正在被新的免疫治疗方法所利用，包括自身免疫抑制、抗癌和细菌疫苗。
