Rubin Krista M, Lawrence Donald P
Melanoma Disease Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Oncology (Williston Park). 2009 Jul;23(8 Suppl):13-21.
Melanoma, a cancer of melanocytes, pigment-producing cells in the skin, is the most serious form of skin cancer. Its incidence is increasing rapidly and reaching epidemic proportions. When detected early, it is considered curable, but when detected at later stages it is arguably one of the most lethal malignancies and is the cause of more years of lost life than any other cancer except leukemia. Because most cutaneous melanomas are visible, however, melanoma in general is a cancer highly amenable to early detection. Surgery is standard treatment for localized melanoma. There is no standard therapy for advanced-stage melanoma. Metastatic melanoma disseminates widely and it frequently involves sites that are not commonly affected in other cancers, such as the gastrointestinal tract and skin. The median survival time for patients with metastatic melanoma is less than 1 year. Despite these grim statistics, long-term survival occurs occasionally. This article will review diagnosis, staging, and treatment for malignant melanoma and will discuss the nursing role in the care of patients with melanoma.
黑色素瘤是一种起源于皮肤中产生色素的细胞——黑素细胞的癌症，是最严重的皮肤癌形式。其发病率正在迅速上升，已达到流行程度。早期发现时，它被认为是可治愈的，但在晚期发现时，它可以说是最致命的恶性肿瘤之一，除白血病外，它导致的生命损失年限比任何其他癌症都要多。然而，由于大多数皮肤黑色素瘤是可见的，总体而言，黑色素瘤是一种非常适合早期检测的癌症。手术是局限性黑色素瘤的标准治疗方法。晚期黑色素瘤没有标准疗法。转移性黑色素瘤广泛扩散，它经常累及其他癌症中不常受影响的部位，如胃肠道和皮肤。转移性黑色素瘤患者的中位生存时间不到1年。尽管有这些严峻的统计数据，但偶尔也会出现长期存活的情况。本文将综述恶性黑色素瘤的诊断、分期和治疗，并将讨论护理在黑色素瘤患者护理中的作用。
