Aerosol Development, Sepracor, 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough MA 01752, USA.
Respir Care. 2009 Nov;54(11):1488-92.
Patients with obstructive airway conditions, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), use nebulizers for drug delivery. Tidal breathing patterns employed by patients during nebulized drug delivery may vary. It is unclear whether different breathing patterns affect the emitted quantity of nebulized drug. This in vitro study evaluated whether different tidal breathing patterns that encompass a range that could be observed in COPD patients influence the emitted amount of nebulized arformoterol.
Breath-simulation experiments used a Pari LC Plus nebulizer in combination with the Duraneb 3000 portable aerosol system. Four breathing patterns that could represent a range of tidal volumes and inspiratory and expiratory times observed in patients with COPD were studied. The amount of arformoterol on the inspiratory and expiratory filters, and the residual amount in the nebulizer bowl were determined via high-pressure liquid chromatography. Results are expressed as a percent of the nominal dose (15 microg in 2 mL).
The total amount of arformoterol on the inspiratory filter increased with a longer inspiratory phase of tidal breathing (ranging from 8.0% to 13.1%), while the expiratory filter dose remained similar (7.9% to 8.7%). The total emitted dose (expiratory and inspiratory amounts combined) for all patterns was 16.0% to 21.1% of the nominal dose. Retained arformoterol amount (not emitted) ranged from 55.9% to 62.3% of the nominal dose.
These breath-simulation experiments suggest that only about 20% of the nominal 15-microg arformoterol dose was emitted from the nebulizer apparatus with each of the 4 tidal breathing patterns studied, and that a longer inspiratory phase was associated with greater inhaled dose.
包括慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）在内的阻塞性气道疾病患者使用雾化器输送药物。患者在雾化药物输送期间采用的潮式呼吸模式可能会有所不同。目前尚不清楚不同的呼吸模式是否会影响雾化药物的释放量。本体外研究评估了涵盖 COPD 患者可能观察到的范围的不同潮式呼吸模式是否会影响雾化福莫特罗的释放量。
呼吸模拟实验使用 Pari LC Plus 雾化器与 Duraneb 3000 便携式气溶胶系统相结合。研究了四种可能代表 COPD 患者观察到的潮气量和吸气及呼气时间范围的呼吸模式。通过高压液相色谱法测定吸气和呼气过滤器上的福莫特罗量以及雾化器碗内的残留量。结果表示为名义剂量（2 毫升中 15 微克）的百分比。
随着潮式呼吸吸气阶段的延长（范围为 8.0%至 13.1%），吸气过滤器上的福莫特罗总量增加，而呼气过滤器剂量保持相似（7.9%至 8.7%）。所有模式的总释放剂量（呼气和吸气量之和）为名义剂量的 16.0%至 21.1%。未释放的福莫特罗保留量（未释放）范围为名义剂量的 55.9%至 62.3%。
这些呼吸模拟实验表明，在所研究的 4 种潮式呼吸模式中，每个模式从雾化器装置中释放的名义 15 微克福莫特罗剂量仅约为 20%，且吸气阶段越长，吸入的剂量越大。
