Center for Autoimmune Diseases and Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel.
Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2009 Nov;5(11):648-52. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2009.196.
Vaccines have been used for over 200 years and are the most effective way of preventing the morbidity and mortality associated with infections. Like other drugs, vaccines can cause adverse events, but unlike conventional medicines, which are prescribed to people who are ill, vaccines are administered to healthy individuals, thus increasing the concern over adverse reactions. Most side effects attributed to vaccines are mild, acute and transient; however, rare reactions such as hypersensitivity, induction of infection, and autoimmunity do occur and can be severe and even fatal. The rarity and subacute presentation of post-vaccination autoimmune phenomena means that ascertaining causality between these events can be difficult. Moreover, the latency period between vaccination and autoimmunity ranges from days to years. In this article, on the basis of published evidence and our own experience, we discuss the various aspects of the causal and temporal interactions between vaccines and autoimmune phenomena, as well as the possible mechanisms by which different components of vaccines might induce autoimmunity.
疫苗已经使用了 200 多年，是预防感染相关发病率和死亡率的最有效方法。与其他药物一样，疫苗也会引起不良反应，但与用于治疗疾病患者的常规药物不同，疫苗是用于健康个体的，因此增加了对不良反应的关注。大多数与疫苗相关的副作用是轻度、急性和短暂的；然而，也会发生罕见的反应，如过敏反应、感染诱导和自身免疫，这些反应可能很严重，甚至是致命的。疫苗接种后自身免疫现象的罕见性和亚急性表现意味着确定这些事件之间的因果关系可能很困难。此外，疫苗接种和自身免疫之间的潜伏期从几天到几年不等。在本文中，我们根据已发表的证据和我们自己的经验，讨论了疫苗和自身免疫现象之间因果和时间相互作用的各个方面，以及疫苗的不同成分可能引发自身免疫的可能机制。
