Azienda Ospedaliera S. Andrea, Rome, Italy.
Int Rev Immunol. 2010 Jun;29(3):247-69. doi: 10.3109/08830181003746304.
Autoimmune reactions to vaccinations may rarely be induced in predisposed individuals by molecular mimicry or bystander activation mechanisms. Autoimmune reactions reliably considered vaccine-associated, include Guillain-Barré syndrome after 1976 swine influenza vaccine, immune thrombocytopenic purpura after measles/mumps/rubella vaccine, and myopericarditis after smallpox vaccination, whereas the suspected association between hepatitis B vaccine and multiple sclerosis has not been further confirmed, even though it has been recently reconsidered, and the one between childhood immunization and type 1 diabetes seems by now to be definitively gone down. Larger epidemiological studies are needed to obtain more reliable data in most suggested associations.
自身免疫反应可能通过分子模拟或旁观者激活机制在易感个体中很少被疫苗诱导。可靠地认为与疫苗相关的自身免疫反应包括：1976 年猪流感疫苗后发生的格林-巴利综合征、麻疹/腮腺炎/风疹疫苗后发生的免疫性血小板减少性紫癜、天花疫苗后发生的心肌炎，而乙型肝炎疫苗与多发性硬化症之间可疑的关联尚未得到进一步证实，尽管最近已重新考虑，儿童免疫接种与 1 型糖尿病之间的关联现在看来已被明确排除。需要进行更大规模的流行病学研究以获得大多数提示性关联的更可靠数据。
