The George Williams Hooper Foundation for Medical Research, University of California Medical School, San Francisco.
J Exp Med. 1916 Nov 1;24(5):515-46. doi: 10.1084/jem.24.5.515.
The progress of an infection is usually associated with marked changes in the serum proteins. There may be an increase in the percentage of the total protein during some stage of the infection, and there is usually a change in the albumin-globulin ratio with an increase in the total globulins. This rise may antedate the development of any resistance by a considerable period of time. The non-protein constituents of the blood show fluctuations with a tendency to rise as the infection progresses. The process of immunization is in almost all instances associated with a definite increase in the globulins of the blood, and in some cases with a complete inversion of the normal albumin-globulin ratio. This may be produced both by living and dead organisms and by bacterial endotoxins. Massive doses usually result in an upset which shows no tendency to right itself during the period of observation. A rise in the globulins has been shown to occur long before the animal develops immune bodies in any appreciable concentration; and where the globulin curve and antibody curve appear to parallel one another, it can be shown by a careful analysis of both curves that there is a definite lack of correspondence at various periods of the experiment. Animals possessing a basic immunity show a more rapid rise in the globulin curve following inoculation. There is no parallelism between the leukocytic reaction and the globulin reaction. During periods of leukopenia the globulins may be as high as during the period of a leukocytosis. Bacterial endotoxins produce as striking an increase in the serum globulins as do living and killed bacteria. This would seem to indicate that a bacterial invasion of the organism is not absolutely essential for the globulin changes, and that the toxogenic factor in infection and immunity must play a part in the production of the changes noted. Inflammatory irritants injected intraperitoneally also result in a globulin increase. In this case the changes produced may best be explained by the toxogenic effect produced by the protein split products resulting from the inflammatory condition. Intraperitoneal injections of killed bacteria give rise to a more rapid increase in the serum globulins. The rapidity of the response following intraperitoneal as compared with intravenous injections doubtless stands in intimate relationship to the neutralizing power possessed by the blood serum and perhaps to the more extensive surface of absorption following injection by the intraperitoneal route.
感染的进展通常与血清蛋白的显著变化有关。在感染的某个阶段，总蛋白的百分比可能会增加，并且总球蛋白的白蛋白-球蛋白比值通常会发生变化。这种上升可能会在相当长的一段时间内先于任何抵抗力的发展。血液中的非蛋白成分随感染的进展呈波动趋势，有上升的趋势。免疫过程在几乎所有情况下都与血液球蛋白的明显增加有关，在某些情况下，与正常白蛋白-球蛋白比值的完全倒置有关。这既可以由活的和死的生物体以及细菌内毒素引起。大剂量通常会导致一种失调，在观察期间没有自行纠正的趋势。已经表明，球蛋白的升高早在动物产生任何可观浓度的免疫体之前就发生了；并且在球蛋白曲线和抗体曲线似乎相互平行的情况下，可以通过仔细分析两条曲线来表明，在实验的不同时期存在明确的对应关系缺乏。具有基本免疫力的动物在接种后球蛋白曲线上升得更快。白细胞反应与球蛋白反应之间没有平行关系。在白细胞减少期间，球蛋白的含量可能与白细胞增多期间一样高。细菌内毒素引起的血清球蛋白增加与活细菌和死细菌一样显著。这似乎表明，生物体的细菌入侵对于球蛋白变化不是绝对必要的，并且感染和免疫中的毒力因素必须在产生所注意到的变化中发挥作用。腹腔内注射炎性刺激物也会导致球蛋白增加。在这种情况下，最好通过由炎性状态产生的蛋白质分解产物的毒力作用来解释所产生的变化。腹腔内注射死细菌会导致血清球蛋白更快地增加。与静脉内注射相比，腹腔内注射后反应的迅速性无疑与血清的中和能力密切相关，并且可能与通过腹腔内途径注射后吸收的表面积更广泛有关。
