Department of Pathology, The University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, N. Y.
J Exp Med. 1932 Aug 31;56(3):425-48. doi: 10.1084/jem.56.3.425.
In long continued severe anemia due to bleeding in dogs we may observe all degrees of red marrow spread. The maximal red marrow spread takes in the total marrow area in ribs, vertebrae and long bones. The minimal red marrow spread may involve but 10 to 20 per cent of this maximal area. All gradations between these extremes are observed in this series. The extent of the red marrow spread is not dependent upon the length of the anemia period nor is it related to the capacity of the dog to produce new hemoglobin and red cells on standard diets. Evidence points to the liver as concerned with this hemoglobin production and liver function may set the limits for hemoglobin production on these standard diets. This in turn may determine the needful red marrow spread. During favorable diet periods there is a storage of hemoglobin or hemoglobin precursors which come out later in the control periods as finished red cells. This reserve of hemoglobin producing material is not stored as mature red cells in the marrow or elsewhere but as intermediates stored probably in the liver and red marrow but also perhaps in the kidney and spleen. Red marrow very rarely gives evidence of exhaustion even after many years of continuous severe anemia (Dog 18-114). This would seem to consist of a shrinkage of the red marrow area rather than a degenerative change of the red marrow cells. The spleen shows some evidence of erythrogenesis in these dogs. Megakaryocytes in some instances are conspicuous (Fig. 6) and nests of nucleated red cells are found in the spleen pulp but it is unlikely that the spleen contributes any large amount of red cells to the anemic circulation in these experiments. There is no evidence that erythrogenesis occurs in the liver or lymphatic tissue in these dogs.
在因出血导致犬严重慢性贫血的情况下，我们可能会观察到骨髓各部位均有不同程度的红骨髓扩张。最大程度的红骨髓扩张占据了肋骨、脊椎和长骨的整个骨髓区域。最小程度的红骨髓扩张可能只涉及最大面积的 10%至 20%。在这个系列中观察到了这两个极端之间的所有梯度。红骨髓扩张的程度既不取决于贫血期的长短，也与犬在标准饮食下产生新的血红蛋白和红细胞的能力无关。有证据表明肝脏与血红蛋白的产生有关，而肝功能可能为这些标准饮食下的血红蛋白产生设定了限制。这反过来又可能决定了必要的红骨髓扩张。在有利的饮食期，会储存血红蛋白或血红蛋白前体，这些物质在控制期会作为成熟的红细胞释放出来。这种产生血红蛋白的物质储备不会以成熟的红细胞形式储存在骨髓或其他地方，而是以中间产物的形式储存，可能储存在肝脏和红骨髓中，但也可能储存在肾脏和脾脏中。即使在连续多年严重贫血后，红骨髓也很少出现衰竭的迹象（犬 18-114）。这似乎是红骨髓区域的收缩，而不是红骨髓细胞的退行性变化。这些犬的脾脏显示出一些红细胞生成的证据。在某些情况下，巨核细胞很明显（图 6），并且在脾脏髓质中发现了有核红细胞巢，但在这些实验中，脾脏不太可能向贫血循环中提供大量的红细胞。没有证据表明这些犬的肝脏或淋巴组织中发生了红细胞生成。
