Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago.
J Exp Med. 1936 Jul 31;64(2):253-74. doi: 10.1084/jem.64.2.253.
A great difference exists in the adult bone marrow of central bones as compared with outlying bones of the mammalia and avia, the distal bones being at a great disadvantage from the standpoint of blood cell production. Several experimental procedures are reported by which this disadvantage is overcome and in consequence fatty marrow of outlying bones is replaced by red marrow occurring chiefly at the epiphyseal regions, unless a low oxygen stimulus is also provided when marrow of the diaphysis becomes involved. A common factor in all of the experiments was an elevation of temperature beyond that prevailing in these distal regions, and it is felt that the evidence warrants the opinion that the cause of improvement is thermal. In some experiments, blood cell formation was increasing while the heat was adversely affecting the testis. The experiments permit construction of a general theory of fat distribution in bone marrow. In certain grafts of precartilage to other rats, normal differentiation into bone, cartilage, and marrow occurred, while in others cartilage and very small amounts of primitive marrow developed with slight, or no bone formation. Cartilage was always successfully engrafted. The capacity to form sinusoids in bone marrow is determined by the nature of the tissue rather than by the ingrowing endothelium.
哺乳动物和禽类的中心骨的成人骨髓与周围骨的骨髓在很大程度上不同，从血细胞生成的角度来看，远端骨处于明显的劣势。有几项实验程序可以克服这种劣势，因此，主要发生在骺区的红骨髓会取代周围骨的脂肪骨髓，除非骨干骨髓也受到低氧刺激。所有实验的一个共同因素是温度升高，超过了这些远端区域的温度，并且有证据表明，这种改善的原因是热。在一些实验中，血细胞的形成在增加，而热量却在对睾丸产生不利影响。这些实验允许构建一个关于骨髓脂肪分布的一般理论。在将软骨前体移植到其他大鼠的某些移植物中，正常分化为骨、软骨和骨髓，而在其他移植物中，软骨和少量原始骨髓形成，几乎没有或没有骨形成。软骨总是成功地移植。骨髓中窦状隙的形成能力取决于组织的性质，而不是内生长的内皮细胞。
