Environmental Engineering Program, Yale University, 9 Hillhouse Ave., New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
Indoor Air. 2010 Feb;20(1):85-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2009.00622.x. Epub 2009 Jul 31.
We report approximately 500 indoor-outdoor air exchange rate (AER) calculations based on measurements conducted in residences in three US metropolitan areas in 1999-2001: Elizabeth, New Jersey; Houston, Texas; and Los Angeles County, California. Overall, a median AER across these urban areas and seasons was 0.71 air changes per hour (ACH, or per hour; n = 509) while median AERs measured in California (n = 182), New Jersey (n = 163), and Texas (n = 164) were 0.87, 0.88, and 0.47 ACH, respectively. In Texas, the measured AERs were lower in the summer cooling season (median = 0.37 ACH) than in the winter heating season (median = 0.63 ACH), likely because of the reported use of room air conditioners as Houston is typically hot and humid during the summer. The measured AERs in California were higher in summer (median = 1.13 ACH) than in winter (median = 0.61 ACH). Because the summer cooling season in Los Angeles County is less humid than in New Jersey or Texas, natural ventilation through open windows and screened doors likely increased measured AER in California study homes. In New Jersey, AER were similar across heating and cooling seasons, although the median AER was relatively lower during the spring.
Adequate ventilation or air exchange rate (AER) for an indoor environment is important for human health and comfort, and relevant to building design and energy conservation and efficiency considerations. However, residential AER data, especially measured by more accurate non-toxic tracer gas methodologies, are at present quite limited worldwide, and are insufficient to represent the variations across regions and seasons within and between homes, including apartments and condominiums in more densely populated urban areas. The present paper presents quantitative and qualitative data to characterize residential AERs in three US urban areas with different climate attributes.
我们报告了大约 500 个室内-室外空气交换率（AER）的计算，这些计算基于 1999-2001 年在美国三个大都市区的住宅中进行的测量：新泽西州伊丽莎白市；德克萨斯州休斯顿市；以及加利福尼亚州洛杉矶县。总的来说，这些城市地区和季节的 AER 中位数为 0.71 空气交换次数/小时（ACH，或每小时；n=509），而加利福尼亚州（n=182）、新泽西州（n=163）和德克萨斯州（n=164）的 AER 中位数分别为 0.87、0.88 和 0.47ACH。在德克萨斯州，夏季冷却季节（中位数=0.37ACH）的测量 AER 低于冬季加热季节（中位数=0.63ACH），这可能是因为报告称休斯顿在夏季通常炎热潮湿，使用了房间空调器。加利福尼亚州的测量 AER 在夏季（中位数=1.13ACH）高于冬季（中位数=0.61ACH）。由于洛杉矶县的夏季冷却季节的湿度低于新泽西州或德克萨斯州，通过打开的窗户和纱窗门进行自然通风可能会增加加利福尼亚州研究住宅的测量 AER。在新泽西州，加热和冷却季节的 AER 相似，尽管春季的 AER 中位数相对较低。
室内环境的充足通风或空气交换率（AER）对人类健康和舒适度很重要，与建筑设计以及节能和效率考虑有关。然而，目前全球范围内的住宅 AER 数据，尤其是通过更准确的无毒示踪气体方法测量的数据，非常有限，不足以代表不同地区和季节、家庭内部和家庭之间的变化，包括人口更为密集的城市地区的公寓和共管公寓。本文件提供了具有不同气候特征的三个美国城市地区的住宅 AER 的定量和定性数据。
