London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, UK.
FEBS J. 2010 Jan;277(1):58-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2009.07412.x. Epub 2009 Oct 30.
Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) regulates many distinct signalling events, including apoptosis, autophagy and membrane blebbing. The role of DAPK in the blebbing process is only beginning to be understood and, in this review, we will first summarize what is known about the cytoskeletal proteins and signalling cascades that participate in bleb growth and retraction and then highlight how DAPK integrates with these processes. Membrane blebs are quasispherical cellular protrusions that have a lifetime of approximately 2 min. During expansion, blebs are initially devoid of actin, although actomyosin contractions provide the motive force for growth. Once growth slows, an actin cortex reforms and actin-bundling and contractile proteins are recruited. Finally, myosin contraction powers bleb retraction into the cell body. Blebbing occurs in a variety of cell types, from cancerous cells to embryonic cells, and can be seen in cellular phenomena as diverse as cell spreading, movement, cytokinesis and cell death. Although the machinery that executes this is still undefined in detail, the conservation of blebbing phenomenon suggests a fundamental role in metazoans and DAPK offers a door to further dissect this fascinating process.
死亡相关蛋白激酶(DAPK)调节许多不同的信号事件,包括细胞凋亡、自噬和细胞膜起泡。DAPK 在起泡过程中的作用才刚刚开始被理解,在这篇综述中,我们首先总结了参与泡状生长和回缩的细胞骨架蛋白和信号级联,然后强调了 DAPK 如何与这些过程整合。细胞膜泡是具有大约 2 分钟寿命的准球形细胞突起。在扩张过程中,泡状结构最初不含肌动蛋白,尽管肌球蛋白收缩为生长提供动力。一旦生长减缓,就会重新形成肌动蛋白皮质,并且募集肌动蛋白束集和收缩蛋白。最后,肌球蛋白收缩将泡状结构回缩到细胞体中。起泡发生在各种细胞类型中,从癌细胞到胚胎细胞,并且可以在细胞扩散、运动、胞质分裂和细胞死亡等多种细胞现象中看到。尽管执行此操作的机制尚不完全清楚,但起泡现象的保守性表明它在后生动物中具有重要作用,DAPK 为进一步剖析这个迷人的过程提供了一个切入点。
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