Department of Local Physiological Regulation, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Olsztyn, Poland.
Theriogenology. 2010 Jan 15;73(2):215-24. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.09.002.
The arrangement of the superficial facial veins enables blood flow from the nasal cavity into the peripheral circulation by two pathways: through the frontal vein into the cavernous sinus and through the facial vein into the external jugular vein. The current study was designed to determine whether estradiol and progesterone affect the vascular tone of the superficial veins of the nose and face in cycling gilts (Sus scrofa f. domestica) and to analyze the immunolocalization of progesterone receptors and estradiol receptors in these veins. The influence of hormones on vascular tension differed depending on the type of vessel and the phase of the estrous cycle. Estradiol decreased vascular tension in the nasal vein during the follicular phase (P<0.05) and increased tension in the frontal vein during the luteal phase (P<0.05). Progesterone increased the vascular tension of the frontal vein (P<0.05) and decreased the tension of the other veins (P<0.05) in both phases of the cycle. Expression of estradiol receptor beta but not of progesterone receptor was observed in the superficial veins of the nose and face. In conclusion, the effect of ovarian steroid hormones on the vascular tension of the superficial veins of the nose and face in female pigs as well as the reactivity of these veins to steroid boar pheromones can affect the blood supply from the nasal cavity to the venous cavernous sinus. We propose that the ovarian steroid hormones that modulate the vascular tension of the nasal and facial veins may also influence the action of boar pheromones absorbed into the nasal mucosa in gilts and may reach the brain via local destination transfer.
通过额静脉进入海绵窦，通过面静脉进入颈外静脉。本研究旨在确定雌激素和孕激素是否会影响循环母猪（Sus scrofa f. domestica）鼻部和面部浅静脉的血管张力，并分析这些静脉中孕激素受体和雌激素受体的免疫定位。激素对血管张力的影响因血管类型和发情周期阶段而异。在卵泡期，雌激素降低鼻静脉的血管张力（P<0.05），而在黄体期增加额静脉的张力（P<0.05）。在周期的两个阶段，孕激素增加额静脉的血管张力（P<0.05）并降低其他静脉的张力（P<0.05）。在鼻部和面部的浅静脉中观察到雌激素受体β的表达，但没有孕激素受体的表达。总之，卵巢类固醇激素对雌性猪鼻部和面部浅静脉血管张力的影响以及这些静脉对类固醇公猪信息素的反应性可能会影响从鼻腔到静脉海绵窦的血液供应。我们提出，调节鼻和面部静脉血管张力的卵巢类固醇激素也可能影响被猪鼻黏膜吸收的公猪信息素的作用，并通过局部目的地转移到达大脑。
