Nommsen L A, Lovelady C A, Heinig M J, Lönnerdal B, Dewey K G
Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis 95616.
Am J Clin Nutr. 1991 Feb;53(2):457-65. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/53.2.457.
Factors associated with concentrations of energy-yielding nutrients in human milk were examined at 3, 6, 9, and 12 mo postpartum in the DARLING (Davis Area Research on Lactation, Infant Nutrition and Growth) Study. Samples were obtained by complete expression of alternate breasts over 24 h. Milk energy density was highly correlated with lipid concentration; both were positively related to maternal percent of ideal body weight (%IBW) at 6, 9, and 12 mo and negatively related to milk volume at 3 mo and to parity at 12 mo. Milk protein concentration was negatively related to milk volume at 6 and 9 mo and positively related to nursing frequency at 6 mo and %IBW at 9 mo. Milk lactose concentration was positively related to milk volume at 6 and 9 mo and to continued amenorrhea at 9 mo. In a subsample who completed dietary records, protein intake was positively associated with lipid concentration after 16 wk postpartum but not before. These findings suggest that milk composition is more sensitive to maternal factors such as body composition, diet, and parity during later lactation than during the first few months.
在“达林”（戴维斯地区泌乳、婴儿营养与生长研究）研究中，对产后3、6、9和12个月时与人乳中产能营养素浓度相关的因素进行了研究。通过在24小时内完全挤出双侧乳房的乳汁来获取样本。乳能量密度与脂质浓度高度相关；二者在6、9和12个月时均与母亲理想体重百分比（%IBW）呈正相关，在3个月时与乳量呈负相关，在12个月时与产次呈负相关。乳蛋白浓度在6和9个月时与乳量呈负相关，在6个月时与哺乳频率呈正相关，在9个月时与%IBW呈正相关。乳乳糖浓度在6和9个月时与乳量呈正相关，在9个月时与持续闭经呈正相关。在完成饮食记录的一个子样本中，产后16周后蛋白质摄入量与脂质浓度呈正相关，但在此之前无此关联。这些发现表明，与泌乳最初几个月相比，泌乳后期乳成分对母亲身体组成、饮食和产次等因素更为敏感。
