Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z4H4, Canada.
Biochem Cell Biol. 2009 Oct;87(5):799-815. doi: 10.1139/O09-062.
Chromatin structure is important for the compaction of eukaryotic genomes, thus chromatin modifications play a fundamental role in regulating many cellular processes. The coordinated activities of various chromatin-remodelling and -modifying complexes are crucial in maintaining distinct chromatin neighbourhoods, which in turn ensure appropriate gene expression, as well as DNA replication, repair, and recombination. SWR1-C is an ATP-dependent histone deposition complex for the histone variant H2A.Z, whereas NuA4 is a histone acetyltransferase for histones H4, H2A, and H2A.Z. Together the NuA4 and SWR1-C chromatin-modifying complexes alter the chromatin structure through 3 distinct modifications in yeast: post-translational addition of chemical groups, ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling, and histone variant incorporation. These 2 multi-protein complexes share 4 subunits and function together to regulate the circuitry of H2A.Z biology. The components and functions of both multi-protein complexes are evolutionarily conserved and play important roles in multi-cellular development and cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes. This review will summarize recent findings about NuA4 and SWR1-C and will focus on the connection between these complexes by investigating their physical and functional interactions through eukaryotic evolution.
染色质结构对于真核基因组的压缩非常重要，因此染色质修饰在调节许多细胞过程中起着基本作用。各种染色质重塑和修饰复合物的协调活动对于维持不同的染色质邻域至关重要，这反过来又确保了适当的基因表达以及 DNA 复制、修复和重组。SWR1-C 是组蛋白变体 H2A.Z 的 ATP 依赖性组蛋白沉积复合物，而 NuA4 是组蛋白 H4、H2A 和 H2A.Z 的组蛋白乙酰转移酶。NuA4 和 SWR1-C 染色质修饰复合物通过在酵母中进行 3 种不同的修饰来改变染色质结构：化学基团的翻译后添加、ATP 依赖性染色质重塑和组蛋白变体掺入。这 2 个多蛋白复合物共享 4 个亚基，共同作用以调节 H2A.Z 生物学的电路。这两个多蛋白复合物的组成和功能在进化上是保守的，在多细胞发育和高等真核生物的细胞分化中发挥着重要作用。本综述将总结最近关于 NuA4 和 SWR1-C 的发现，并通过研究它们在真核生物进化过程中的物理和功能相互作用，重点关注这些复合物之间的联系。
