Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8640, Japan.
Microbiol Immunol. 2009 Nov;53(11):595-602. doi: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.2009.00168.x.
Sixty Gram-negative bacterial isolates were collected from Palestinian hospitals in 2006. Thirty-two (53.3%) isolates showed multidrug resistance phenotypes. PCR and DNA sequencing were used to characterize integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes. PCR screening showed that 19 (31.7%) and five (8.3%) isolates were positive for class 1 and class 2 integrons, respectively. DNA-sequencing results for the captured antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes within class 1 integrons identified the following genes: dihydrofolate reductases, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA17 and dfrA25; aminoglycoside adenyltransferases, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aadA12 and aadB; aminoglycoside acetyltransferase, aac(6')-Ib; and chloramphenicol resistance gene, cmlA1. ESBL were identified in 25 (41.7%) isolates. The identified ESBL were bla(CTX-M-15), bla(CTX-M-56), bla(OXA-1), bla(SHV-1), bla(SHV-12), bla(SHV-32) and bla(TEM-1) genes. Moreover, we characterized the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, aac(6')-Ib-cr and qnrB2, which were detected in seven (11.7%) and two (3.3%) isolates, respectively. In this study various types of antibiotic resistance genes have been identified in Gram-negative bacteria from Palestinian hospitals, many of which are reported in the Middle East area for the first time.
2006 年从巴勒斯坦医院收集了 60 株革兰氏阴性细菌分离株。其中 32 株（53.3%）表现出多药耐药表型。聚合酶链反应（PCR）和 DNA 测序用于鉴定整合子和抗生素耐药基因。PCR 筛选显示，19 株（31.7%）和 5 株（8.3%）分离株分别为 1 类和 2 类整合子阳性。对 1 类整合子捕获的抗生素耐药基因盒进行 DNA 测序，鉴定出以下基因：二氢叶酸还原酶、dfrA1、dfrA5、dfrA7、dfrA12、dfrA17 和 dfrA25；氨基糖苷类腺苷转移酶、aadA1、aadA2、aadA5、aadA12 和 aadB；氨基糖苷类乙酰转移酶、aac(6')-Ib；以及氯霉素耐药基因 cmlA1。在 25 株（41.7%）分离株中鉴定出 ESBL。鉴定出的 ESBL 为 bla(CTX-M-15)、bla(CTX-M-56)、bla(OXA-1)、bla(SHV-1)、bla(SHV-12)、bla(SHV-32)和 bla(TEM-1)基因。此外，我们还鉴定了质粒介导的喹诺酮类耐药基因 aac(6')-Ib-cr 和 qnrB2，分别在 7 株（11.7%）和 2 株（3.3%）分离株中检测到。在这项研究中，从巴勒斯坦医院的革兰氏阴性细菌中鉴定出了各种类型的抗生素耐药基因，其中许多是在中东地区首次报道的。
