Unger C, Rageth J C, Wyss P, Spillmann M, Hochuli E
Universitätsfrauenklinik Zürich.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1991 Jan 9;121(1-2):30-6.
A group of 992 breast cancer patients (risk group, R) was compared with a group of 482 patients hospitalized for non oncologic reasons and matched for age and year of hospitalization (comparison group, C). The findings confirm the following factors as risk factors for breast cancer: nulliparity (R 28.8%, C 17.5%, p less than 0.001), late first birth (over 34 years of age) (R 11.4%, C 5.1%, p less than 0.001), diabetes mellitus (R 7.0%, C 3.8%, p = 0.017), hypertension (R 25.7%, C 18.1%, p = 0.0016), alcohol (R 9.4%, C 5.9%, p = 0.03), positive family history (R 14.8%, V 5.3%, p less than 0.001) and breast surgery for benign disease (R 13%, C 7.5%, p = 0.002). Frequently mentioned risk factors such as early menarche and late menopause did not emerge as risk factors in our study. Cigarette smoking did not show a protective effect but even tended to be more frequent in the risk group. Multiparity (more than 2 births) was protective (R 22.1%, C 32.4%, p less than 0.001). The findings on hormonal replacement therapy (R 7.1%, V 17.0%, p less than 0.01) might have been influenced by a selection bias (hospitalization of patients in the comparison group because of complications of hormonal replacement therapy such as bleeding) and are thus not fully conclusive. It can at least be said that hormonal replacement therapy is not more frequent in the risk group.
将992名乳腺癌患者（风险组，R）与482名因非肿瘤原因住院且年龄和住院年份匹配的患者（对照组，C）进行了比较。研究结果证实以下因素为乳腺癌的风险因素：未生育（R组28.8%，C组17.5%，p<0.001）、初产年龄较大（34岁以上）（R组11.4%，C组5.1%，p<0.001）、糖尿病（R组7.0%，C组3.8%，p=0.017）、高血压（R组25.7%，C组18.1%，p=0.0016）、饮酒（R组9.4%，C组5.9%，p=0.03）、家族史阳性（R组14.8%，C组5.3%，p<0.001）以及良性疾病乳房手术史（R组13%，C组7.5%，p=0.002）。在我们的研究中，初潮早和绝经晚等经常提及的风险因素并未显现为风险因素。吸烟未显示出保护作用，甚至在风险组中似乎更为常见。多产（超过2次分娩）具有保护作用（R组22.1%，C组32.4%，p<0.001）。激素替代疗法的研究结果（R组7.1%，C组17.0%，p<0.01）可能受到选择偏倚的影响（对照组患者因激素替代疗法的并发症如出血而住院），因此并不完全具有决定性。至少可以说，激素替代疗法在风险组中并不更常见。
