Buchanan Edward M, Weinstein Lara Carson, Hillson Christina
Department of Family and Community Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Am Fam Physician. 2009 Nov 15;80(10):1075-80.
Endometrial cancer is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer in the United States. Etiologically, endometrial carcinoma usually results from unopposed estrogen stimulation of the endometrium, although non-estrogen-related forms occur as well. The most common presentation of endometrial cancer is postmenopausal bleeding. A variety of diagnostic modalities are available to aid in the detection of the disease, each with its own strengths and limitations. These modalities include endometrial biopsy, ultrasonography, saline infusion sonography, and hysteroscopy. A definitive diagnosis requires pathologic confirmation via endometrial biopsy or dilatation and curettage. Surgical staging of endometrial cancer will dictate how physicians manage the condition. For most women, staging and initial treatment are accomplished with total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and peritoneal washings. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy play a role in treatment, depending on tumor stage and grade. At present, there are no recommendations for screening the general population.
子宫内膜癌是美国妇科癌症的主要病因。从病因学上讲，子宫内膜癌通常是由于子宫内膜受到无对抗的雌激素刺激所致，不过也存在与雌激素无关的类型。子宫内膜癌最常见的症状是绝经后出血。有多种诊断方法可用于协助检测该疾病，每种方法都有其自身的优缺点。这些方法包括子宫内膜活检、超声检查、盐水灌注超声检查和宫腔镜检查。明确诊断需要通过子宫内膜活检或刮宫术进行病理证实。子宫内膜癌的手术分期将决定医生如何处理这种情况。对于大多数女性来说，分期和初始治疗通过全子宫切除术、双侧输卵管卵巢切除术和腹腔冲洗来完成。手术、放疗和化疗在治疗中发挥作用，具体取决于肿瘤的分期和分级。目前，没有针对普通人群进行筛查的建议。
