Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK.
Nurs Inq. 2009 Dec;16(4):297-305. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2009.00467.x.
In the face of increasing intervention in childbirth, 'normal birth' is currently being promoted by the World Health Organization, national governments, professional bodies and other organisations throughout the world. This paper takes a postmodernist stance and explores the idea of the 'normal' before going on to analyse normal childbirth, referring to concepts of the normal and the natural. It refers to historical developments in childbearing and lay organisations along with research relating to women's views of childbirth, to question the appropriateness of using 'normal' to describe the very individual experiences of childbirth. It laments the way in which women have been treated and arguably continue to be 'cared for' in maternity/obstetric services. It adds to the current discussion by recalling psychoanalytical theory and philosophical analysis to conclude with a call for future consideration of the 'good-enough' birth instead of concentrating on promoting normal birth which is very difficult, if not impossible to define in retrospect, or to prospectively promote.
面对越来越多的分娩干预，“正常分娩”目前正受到世界卫生组织、各国政府、专业机构和世界各地其他组织的推崇。本文采取后现代主义立场，在分析正常分娩之前，先探讨“正常”的概念，提到正常和自然的概念。文中还提到了生育和非专业组织的历史发展，以及与妇女分娩观点相关的研究，对使用“正常”来描述分娩这一非常个体化的经历是否恰当提出了质疑。文中还对妇女在产科/妇产科服务中受到的待遇表示遗憾，并认为这种情况仍在继续，同时呼吁人们关注未来的“足够好”分娩，而不是专注于难以（甚至不可能）事后定义或前瞻性地推广非常困难的正常分娩。
