National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Scand J Public Health. 2010 Feb;38(1):40-5. doi: 10.1177/1403494809353820. Epub 2009 Nov 11.
In this paper, we examine income- and education-related inequality in small-for-gestational age (SGA) and preterm birth in Denmark and Finland from 1987 to 2003 using concentration indexes (CIXs).
From the national medical birth registries we gathered information on all births from 1987 to 2003. Information on highest completed maternal education and household income in the year preceding birth of the offspring was obtained for 1,012,400 births in Denmark and 499,390 in Finland. We then calculated CIXs for income- and education-related inequality in SGA and preterm birth.
The mean household income-related inequality in SGA was -0.04 (95% confidence interval: -0.05, -0.04) in Denmark and -0.03 (-0.04, -0.02) in Finland. The maternal education-related inequality in SGA was -0.08 (-0.10, -0.06) in Denmark and -0.07 (-0.08, -0.06) in Finland. The income-related inequality in preterm birth was -0.03 (-0.03, -0.02) in Denmark and -0.03 (-0.04, -0.02) in Finland. The education-related inequality in preterm birth was -0.05 (-0.07, -0.04) in Denmark and -0.04 (-0.05, -0.03) in Finland. In Denmark, the income-related and education-related inequity in SGA increased over time. In Finland, the income-related inequality in SGA birth increased slightly, while education-related inequalities remained stable. Inequalities in preterm birth decreased over time in both countries.
Denmark and Finland are examples of nations with free prenatal care and publicly financed obstetric care of high quality. During the period of study there were macroeconomic shocks affecting both countries. However, only small income- and education-related inequalities in SGA and preterm births during the period were observed.
本文使用集中指数（CIX），从收入和受教育程度方面，对丹麦和芬兰在 1987 年至 2003 年间的小胎龄儿（SGA）和早产的相关不平等情况进行了研究。
从全国医疗出生登记处收集了 1987 年至 2003 年所有出生的信息。为了获得丹麦 1012400 例和芬兰 499390 例活产儿出生前一年母亲最高完成的教育和家庭收入的信息。然后，我们计算了 SGA 和早产与收入和教育相关的 CIX。
丹麦 SGA 与家庭收入相关的平均不平等程度为-0.04（95%置信区间：-0.05，-0.04），芬兰为-0.03（-0.04，-0.02）。丹麦 SGA 与母亲教育相关的不平等程度为-0.08（-0.10，-0.06），芬兰为-0.07（-0.08，-0.06）。丹麦早产与收入相关的不平等程度为-0.03（-0.03，-0.02），芬兰为-0.03（-0.04，-0.02）。丹麦早产与教育相关的不平等程度为-0.05（-0.07，-0.04），芬兰为-0.04（-0.05，-0.03）。在丹麦，SGA 的收入和教育相关的不平等程度随着时间的推移而增加。在芬兰，SGA 出生的收入相关不平等略有增加，而教育相关不平等保持稳定。这两个国家的早产相关不平等现象随着时间的推移而减少。
丹麦和芬兰是免费产前护理和高质量公共资助产科护理的国家的典范。在研究期间，两国都受到了影响经济的宏观经济冲击。然而，在研究期间仅观察到 SGA 和早产的收入和教育相关的微小不平等。
