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本文引用的文献

1
Association between extreme autistic traits and intellectual disability: insights from a general population twin study.极端自闭症特质与智力障碍的关联：来自一般人群双胞胎研究的新视角。
Br J Psychiatry. 2009 Dec;195(6):531-6. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.060889.
2
Association of COMT (Val158Met) and BDNF (Val66Met) gene polymorphisms with anxiety, ADHD and tics in children with autism spectrum disorder.COMT（Val158Met）和 BDNF（Val66Met）基因多态性与自闭症谱系障碍儿童焦虑、ADHD 和抽动的关联。
J Autism Dev Disord. 2009 Nov;39(11):1542-51. doi: 10.1007/s10803-009-0794-4. Epub 2009 Jul 7.
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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: symptom or syndrome?自闭症谱系障碍儿童及青少年中的注意力缺陷/多动障碍：症状还是综合征？
J Atten Disord. 2009 Sep;13(2):117-26. doi: 10.1177/1087054708326261. Epub 2009 Apr 20.
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Genetic and environmental influences on autistic-like behaviors in 2-year-old twins.遗传和环境因素对两岁双胞胎自闭症样行为的影响。
Behav Genet. 2009 May;39(3):255-64. doi: 10.1007/s10519-009-9270-3. Epub 2009 Apr 18.
5
Comorbid problems in ADHD: degree of association, shared endophenotypes, and formation of distinct subtypes. Implications for a future DSM.注意缺陷多动障碍的共病问题：关联程度、共享内表型及不同亚型的形成。对未来《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》的启示。
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2009 Aug;37(6):793-804. doi: 10.1007/s10802-009-9312-6.
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Association of ADHD, tics, and anxiety with dopamine transporter (DAT1) genotype in autism spectrum disorder.注意缺陷多动障碍、抽动症及焦虑症与自闭症谱系障碍中多巴胺转运体（DAT1）基因型的关联
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2008 Dec;49(12):1331-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01952.x.
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PDD symptoms in ADHD, an independent familial trait?注意缺陷多动障碍中的PDD症状是一种独立的家族性特征吗？
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2009 Apr;37(3):443-53. doi: 10.1007/s10802-008-9282-0.
8
Evidence for shared genetic influences on self-reported ADHD and autistic symptoms in young adult Australian twins.澳大利亚年轻成人双胞胎中自我报告的注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）和自闭症症状存在共同遗传影响的证据。
Twin Res Hum Genet. 2008 Dec;11(6):579-85. doi: 10.1375/twin.11.6.579.
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Intraclass correlations: uses in assessing rater reliability.组内相关系数：在评估评分者可靠性中的应用。
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The Social Communication Questionnaire in a sample of the general population of school-going children.社交沟通问卷在学龄儿童总体人群样本中的应用。
Ir J Med Sci. 2009 Jun;178(2):193-9. doi: 10.1007/s11845-008-0184-5. Epub 2008 Jul 24.

探索婴幼儿自闭症样特质与 ADHD 行为之间的关系：来自一项针对 2 岁儿童的社区双胞胎研究的发现。

Exploring the relationship between autistic-like traits and ADHD behaviors in early childhood: findings from a community twin study of 2-year-olds.

机构信息

Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, School of Psychology, Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK.

出版信息

J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2010 Feb;38(2):185-96. doi: 10.1007/s10802-009-9366-5.

DOI:10.1007/s10802-009-9366-5
PMID:19908138
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4096900/
Abstract

Behaviors characteristic of autism and ADHD emerge in early childhood, yet research investigating their comorbidity has focused on older children. This study aimed to explore the nature of the relationship between autistic-like traits and ADHD behaviors in a community sample of 2-year-olds. Twins from the Boston University Twin Project (N = 312 pairs) were assessed by their parents on autistic-like traits and ADHD behaviors using the Childhood Behavior Checklist. Phenotypic analyses showed that after controlling for general cognitive ability and socioeconomic status, autistic-like traits (total scale as well as social and nonsocial subscales) correlated positively with ADHD behaviors (r = 0.23-0.26). Structural equation model-fitting analyses revealed that there were modest shared genetic influences between ADHD- and autistic traits (genetic correlation = 0.27) as well as some common environmental influences explaining their covariation. Implications for identifying shared biological pathways underlying autistic-like traits and ADHD behaviors are discussed.

摘要

自闭症和 ADHD 的行为特征出现在幼儿期，但研究自闭症和 ADHD 的共病现象的研究重点是年龄较大的儿童。本研究旨在探索自闭症样特征与 ADHD 行为之间的关系，研究对象为社区样本中的 2 岁儿童。来自波士顿大学双胞胎项目的双胞胎（N = 312 对）的父母使用儿童行为检查表评估他们的自闭症样特征和 ADHD 行为。表型分析表明，在控制一般认知能力和社会经济地位后，自闭症样特征（总分以及社会和非社会分量表）与 ADHD 行为呈正相关（r = 0.23-0.26）。结构方程模型拟合分析表明，ADHD 特征和自闭症样特征之间存在适度的共同遗传影响（遗传相关=0.27），以及一些共同的环境影响解释了它们的共同变化。讨论了识别自闭症样特征和 ADHD 行为的共同生物学途径的意义。