Swiss College of Agriculture, Zollikofen BE, Switzerland.
J Anim Breed Genet. 2009 Dec;126(6):415-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0388.2009.00832.x.
Colour phenotypes may have played a major role during early domestication events and initial selection among domestic animal species. As coat colours mostly follow a relatively simple mode of Mendelian inheritance, they have been among the first traits to be systematically analysed at the molecular level. As a result of the number of genetic tools developed during the past decade, horse coat colour tests have been designed and are now commercially available for some of the basic phenotypes. These tests enable breeders to verify segregation within particular pedigrees, to select specific colour phenotypes according to market demand or studbook policies and to avoid complex inherited diseases associated with some of the colour patterns. This paper reviews the relevance of the topic, describes all currently available tests for coat colours in horses and addresses also ongoing research in this field.
颜色表型可能在早期驯化事件和家畜物种的最初选择中发挥了重要作用。由于毛色主要遵循相对简单的孟德尔遗传模式，因此它们一直是最早在分子水平上进行系统分析的特征之一。由于过去十年中开发了许多遗传工具，因此已经设计出了马的毛色测试方法，并且现在已经有一些基本表型的测试方法可在商业上使用。这些测试使饲养员能够验证特定血统内的分离，根据市场需求或种畜登记册政策选择特定的颜色表型，并避免与某些颜色模式相关的复杂遗传疾病。本文回顾了该主题的相关性，描述了目前可用于马的毛色的所有测试方法，并讨论了该领域正在进行的研究。
