Burnett D Graham
Department of History and Program in History of Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
Endeavour. 2009 Dec;33(4):121-6. doi: 10.1016/j.endeavour.2009.09.005. Epub 2009 Nov 12.
Darwin famously built the ground-breaking argument of On the Origin of Species out of an analogy between artificial selection ('breeding') and what he called 'nature's power of selection'--or, more famously, 'natural selection'. For years, historians of science have debated the origins of this analogy and philosophers of science have disputed exactly how well it works. But is Darwin's argument really an analogy? A closer look at what the world-travelling naturalist of the Beagle has to say about selection among 'savages' opens a more complicated story.
达尔文以人工选择(“育种”)与他所谓的“自然选择力量”——或者更著名的说法,“自然选择”——之间的类比,构建出了《物种起源》中具有开创性的论点,这一点广为人知。多年来,科学史学家一直在争论这种类比的起源,科学哲学家也一直在争论它到底有多有效。但达尔文的论点真的是一种类比吗?仔细看看这位乘坐小猎犬号周游世界的博物学家对“野蛮人”之间的选择有何看法,就会发现一个更复杂的故事。