School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2010 Feb 15;408(6):1349-57. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.10.061. Epub 2009 Nov 14.
This study explores the characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities of total suspended particles (TSP) in the atmosphere by using various molecular methods. TSP samples were collected on a glass fiber filter at an urban location in the middle of the Korean Peninsula (Seoul) between middle autumn and early winter in 2007. From the aerosol samples, DNA could be extracted and DNA sequences were determined for bacteria and fungi. Terminal restriction length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis was applied to analyze the community structure of them. To estimate the concentration of DNA originating from bacterial and fungal communities, we used the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR). Sequence analyses were also used to determine the identity of biological organisms. The number of bacteria and fungi in the air were between 5.19x10(1) and 4.31x10(3) cellsm(-3) and from 9.56x10(1) to 4.22x10(4) cellsm(-3), respectively and bacterium/fungus ratios ranged from 0.09 to 0.76 across the seven sampling dates. Most of the bacterial sequences found in our TSP samples were from Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes. The fungal sequences were characteristic for Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota which are known to actively discharge spores into the atmosphere. The plant sequences could be also detected. We found that large shifts in the community structure of bacteria and fungi were present in our TSP samples collected on different dates. The results demonstrated that in our TSP samples collected at the urban site; (1) there were very diverse bacterial and fungal groups including potential pathogens and allergens and (2) there were temporal shifts in both bacterial and fungal communities in terms of both diversity and abundances across an inter-seasonal period.
本研究采用多种分子方法探讨了大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）中细菌和真菌群落的特征。2007 年中秋至初冬期间，在朝鲜半岛中部的一个城市（首尔）位置，在玻璃纤维滤纸上采集了 TSP 样品。从气溶胶样品中提取 DNA，并确定细菌和真菌的 DNA 序列。末端限制性长度多态性（T-RFLP）分析用于分析它们的群落结构。为了估计来自细菌和真菌群落的 DNA 浓度，我们使用了定量实时聚合酶链反应（Q-PCR）。序列分析也用于确定生物有机体的身份。空气中细菌和真菌的数量分别为 5.19x10(1)和 4.31x10(3) cellsm(-3)和 9.56x10(1)和 4.22x10(4) cellsm(-3)，细菌/真菌比值在七个采样日期内从 0.09 到 0.76 不等。在我们的 TSP 样本中发现的大多数细菌序列来自变形菌门、放线菌门、厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门。真菌序列特征为子囊菌门、担子菌门和球囊菌门，这些菌门已知会主动将孢子排放到大气中。还可以检测到植物序列。我们发现，在不同日期采集的 TSP 样本中，细菌和真菌群落结构发生了很大变化。结果表明，在我们采集的城市 TSP 样本中；(1) 存在非常多样化的细菌和真菌群，包括潜在的病原体和过敏原；(2) 在一个季节内，无论是多样性还是丰度，细菌和真菌群落都存在时间上的变化。
